第五讲第六讲 船舶设计与制造.pptVIP

A breadth/draught ratio below about 2.25 will not usually be possible from a stability point of view but the actual value will depend very much on the ship type, and particularly if there are loads to be carried high up in the ship resulting in（导致） a high position of the centre of gravity (or centre of mass) . 重力 从稳定性观点考虑宽度与吃水比小于2.25通常是不可行的，但实际值依赖于船型，特别地，如果船上货物堆积很高就会导致船舶重心也很高。 Having determined draught it is necessary next fix the depth of the ship. This will be governed largely by freeboard considerations. It has been seen that the statutory freeboard required by the Load Line Regulations depend upon the length of the ship and the length/depth ratio 干舷 载重线 法令的，规定的 确定吃水之后，下一步要确定型深。这时设计干舷就非常重要。满足载重线规则的规定干舷需要依靠船长及船长型深比来确定。 Having arrived at the depth, the length/depth ratio should be checked since if it is too large it may be necessary to put an excessive（过多的） amount of material in the structure to obtain the required section modulus of the midship section. 剖面模数 船中 确定型深后，应校核船长型深比，因为如果型深太大，则需要在结构中使用更多的材料才能获得必要的船中剖面模数。 Depending upon the cargo to be carried, the cubic capacity which it occupies（占有，占据） may be more important than its actual mass. Thus, while in ships such as ore carriers or ships carrying grain the mass may be important quantity, in ships carrying refrigerated cargoes, for example, the cubic capacity available is the important factor. 矿砂船 依赖于运输的货物，货物装载容积可能比其实际重量更重要 。因此，如运输矿砂或谷物的船舶，重量很重要，如运输冷藏货物的船舶，可用的装载容积更重要。 Ships of this type may often not be loaded down to the maximum draught available under the Load Line Regulations when all the holds are full. Such ships are often designed for a reduced draught, which means that lighter scantlings are possible thus leading to a reduction in the steel mass. 轻构件 这类船舶所有的货舱满载时，还没有达到载重线规则下可用的最大吃水。在设计中就可以减少这类船舶的吃水，这意味着可以使用轻的构件，从而降低了船舶用钢的重量。 Having obtained preliminary dimensions（初步尺寸）, the next stage in the design process is to obtain more accurate estimates（估计，评估） of the masses making up the lightmass of the ship