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Developmental Psychology 发展心理学 英文课件
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Age and Happiness No particular age group says they are happier or more satisfied than any other age group. Conceptions of Age Chronological Age Biological Age Psychological Age Social Age Chronological Age The number of years that have elapsed since a person’s birth Biological Age A person’s age in terms of biological health Psychological Age An individual’s adaptive capacities compared to those of other individuals of the same chronological age Social Age Refers to social roles and expectations related to a person’s age Developmental Issues Nature vs. Nurture Continuity vs. Discontinuity Stability vs. Change Activity vs. passivity Universal vs. particular The Nature-Nurture Issue Involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture Nature An organism’s biological inheritance Nurture An organism’s environmental experiences The Continuity-Discontinuity Issue This issue focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages. Continuity Development results from a gradual process occurring over several weeks, months, and possibly years. Discontinuity Development occurs through a sequence of stages in which change is qualitatively rather than quantitatively different. The Stability-Change Issue This issue involves the degree to which we become older renditions of our early experience or whether we develop into someone different from who we were at an earlier point in development. It considers the extent to which early experiences (especially in infancy) or later experiences are the key determinants of a person’s development. Evaluating the Developmental Issues Most life-span developmentalists recognize that extreme positions are unwise. The key to development is the interaction of nature and nurture rather than either factor alone. There still exists strong debate regarding how strongly development is
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