IMP（次黄嘌呤核苷酸）.pptVIP

核酸的消化与吸收 Nucleoside: A compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently linked to a pentose. Nucleotide: A nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups linked via an ester bond to the sugar moiety. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides are basic subunits of nucleic acids they carry genetic information. They are also the primary carriers of chemical energy in cells, structural components of many enzyme cofactors, and cellular second messengers. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. 核苷酸的生物功用 作为核酸合成的原料 体内能量的利用形式 参与代谢和生理调节 组成辅酶 活化中间代谢物 Nucleotides play a very important role in organism. They are raw materials of synthesizing nuclear acid and energy-rich compounds that drive metabolic processes in all cells. They also serve as chemical signals, key links in cellular systems that respond to hormones and other extracellular stimuli, and are structural components of a number of enzyme cofactors and metabolic intermediates. 嘌呤核苷酸的结构 一、嘌呤核苷酸的合成代谢 2、AMP和GMP的生成 IMP（次黄嘌呤核苷酸）: The de novo pathway for purine nucleotide sythesis leading to IMP consists of eleven metabolic steps. It is common precursor for AMP and GMP. 嘌呤核苷酸从头合成特点 ? 嘌呤核苷酸是在磷酸核糖分子上逐步合成的。 ? IMP的合成需5个ATP，6个高能磷酸键。 AMP或GMP的合成又需1个ATP。 （二）嘌呤核苷酸的补救合成途径 Salvage pathway: Synthesis of a nucleotide, from intermediates in the degradative pathway for the nucleotide; a recycling pathway, as distinct from a de novo pathway. 补救合成的生理意义 补救合成节省从头合成时的能量和一些氨基酸的消耗。 体内某些组织器官，如脑、骨髓等只能进行补救合成。 PRPP（磷酸核糖焦磷酸）: PRPP is an important precursor shared by the de novo pathways for pyrimidines and purines. It is generated from 5’-phosphoribose(5’PR) and catalyzed by 5’-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate kinase (PRPPK). Gout （痛风症）: A disease was caused by the disorder of purine degradation leading to accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints Uric acid and urea are the end products of purine and pyrimidine degradation. Some genetic defic