THEORIES OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNINGppt - novagradob动机和learningppt理论novagradob.pptVIP

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THEORIES OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNINGppt - novagradob动机和learningppt理论novagradob.ppt

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THEORIES OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNINGppt - novagradob动机和learningppt理论novagradob

Expectancy Theory (Lyman W. Porter – Edward E. Lawler III) Performance (Accomplishments) 6 Value of Reward 1 Effort 3 Role Perceptions 5 Abilities And Traits 4 Intrinsic Rewards 7A Extrinsic Rewards 7B Satisfaction 9 Perceived Equitable Rewards 8 Revised Diagram of the Theoretical Model SOURCE: Managerial Attitudes and Performance, 1968, Richard D. Irwin Inc. Perceived Effect-Reward Probability 2 Principles of Expectancy Theory V1 = S(V2 x I) The valence associated with various first-level outcomes is a sum of the multiplication of the valences (V2) attached to all second-level outcomes with their respective instrumentalities (I) M = f(V1 x E) Motivation is a multiplicative function of the valence for each first-level outcome (V1) and the perceived expectancy (E) that a given behavior will be followed by a particular first-level outcome P = f(M x A) Performance is considered to be a multiplicative function of motivation (the force) and ability Process Theories of Motivation:Expectancy Theory (continued) Management practices: Managers need to focus on employee expectations for success. Managers must actively determine which second-level outcomes are important to employees. Managers should link desired second-level outcomes to the organization’s performance goals. Expectancy Theory Example Valences of second- level outcomes (in parentheses) Day off (6) Recognition/compliment from boss (3) Mention of performance in personnel record (1) Day off (6) Recognition/compliment from boss (3) Mention of performance in personnel record (1) Day off (6) Recognition/compliment from boss (3) Mention of performance in personnel record (1) 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.4 Finishing budget on time (6.9) Finishing budget on required day but after deadline (3.2) Finishing budget on day after deadline (.20) 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.76 2.24 .20 Motivation Instrumentalities (how much performance outcome and second-level outcome are associated Performance outcome (valences x instrumentalities)