Constant Atmospheric Gases - HeckmansHomePage大气中的气体- heckmanshomepage常数.pptVIP

Heat Temperature Exchange Process Isotherms and temperature gradients Processes that control temperatures Learning objectives Compare contrast temperature and heat Given observed temperatures, analyze the temperature field using isotherms. Identify strong and weak temperature gradients using the temperature analysis. Describe the mechanisms that control temperature in the Earth-atmosphere system. Using temperature records from selected global sites, identify which temperature control mechanism (s) account for the observations. Describe the factors that control temperatures that are observed in Grand County Temperature Temperature one of the basic elements used for weather climate varies, sometimes considerably, seasonally, daily, by the hour An example observed in Grand County? How are temperatures analyzed on weather charts? Use a technique called, isoplething (same+value) Draw isotherms (iso=equal; therm=temp) at 2, 5, or 10 deg intervals temperature analysis important for forecasting visually able to see patterns associated with fronts (surface and upper air) severe thunderstorms features tropical cyclone patters can calculate temperature gradients ?T/ ?d (deg C/km) Analyzing temperature fields Rules for drawing isotherms on weather charts Draw isotherms at 2, 5, or 10 deg intervals Label each isotherm Interpolate temperature values between observation points and draw isotherms accordingly Isotherms never cross each other Make isotherms smooth curved lines rather than a series of straight lines. Isothermal analyses are made for surface charts upper air charts Temperature gradients Temperature gradient = ?T/ ? distance (deg C/km) Strength of gradient can be determined from isothermal analysis Strong temperature gradient are found in areas where isotherms are close together Weak temperature gradient are found where isotherms are spaced far apart. Temperature controls What controls the temperatures we observe? Based on incoming solar radiation and the sea