Sensitivity - World Health Organization世界卫生组织的敏感性.pptVIP

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Sensitivity - World Health Organization世界卫生组织的敏感性.ppt

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Sensitivity - World Health Organization世界卫生组织的敏感性

Outline Intrinsic characteristics of a test Sensitivity Specificity Performance of a test in a population Predictive value of a positive test Predictive value of a negative test Sensitivity Estimating the sensitivity of a test Identify affected individuals with a gold standard Obtain a wide panel of samples that are representative of the population of affected individuals Recent and old cases Severe and mild cases Various ages and sexes Test the affected individuals Estimate the proportion of affected individuals that are positive with the test Estimating the sensitivity of a rapid test for leishmaniasis Identify persons with leishmaniasis with a gold standard Parasitologically proven infection Obtain a wide panel of samples that are representative of the population of individuals with leishmaniasis Recent and old cases Severe and asymptomatic cases Various ages and sexes Test the persons with leishmaniasis Estimate the proportion of persons with leishmaniasis that are positive with the rapid test Sensitivity of a rapid test for leishmaniasis What factors influence the sensitivity of a test? Characteristics of the affected persons? YES: Antigenic characteristics of the pathogen in the area(e.g., if the test was not prepared with antigens reflecting the population of pathogens in the area, it will not pick up infected persons in the area) Characteristics of the non-affected persons? NO: The sensitivity is estimated on a population of affected persons Prevalence of the disease? NO: The sensitivity is estimated on a population of affected persons Sensitivity is an INTRINSIC characteristic of the test Specificity Estimating the specificity of a test Identify non affected individuals Negative with a gold standard Unlikely to be infected Obtain a wide panel of samples that are representative of the population of non-affected individuals Diverse unaffected population: Difficult to find. Ideally, those individuals that would need to be tested but not infected Test