The Trade Policy Debate Export Promotion, Import Substitution 贸易政策的辩论促进出口，进口替代.pptVIP

下载本文档

4
0
约3.39千字
约 15页
2018-06-24 发布于四川
举报
版权申诉

The Trade Policy Debate Export Promotion, Import Substitution 贸易政策的辩论促进出口，进口替代.ppt

1、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

The Trade Policy Debate Export Promotion, Import Substitution 贸易政策的辩论促进出口，进口替代

Trade Strategies for Development: Export Promotion versus Import Substitution Export promotion: looking outward and seeing trade barriers primary-commodity export expansion expanding manufactured good exports Import substitution: looking inward but still paying outward tariffs, infant industries, and protection Drawbacks of ISI Protection ? Inefficiency Protection ? Foreign Ownership ? Profits Remitted Copy MDC Technologies ? High Capital Intensities ? Little benefit to abundant labor / Limited learning Import capital goods ? weak backward linkages Forward linkages penalized: Brazilian computers for Brazilians. Protection ?? Overvaluation Traditional exports hurt – urban vs. rural bias Capital intensity further encouraged Overvaluation How? Run down reserves / borrow more reserves Reduce imports via tariffs and NTBs Ration available foreign exchange Dual exchange rates / preferred customers/ rent seekers Why not? Hurt exporters: reduced sales / reduced value of proceeds Nation lives beyond means … temporarily Eventual sharp devaluation: Import Prices ? CoL ? Wage–Price Spiral ? Worsened B of P ? Currency Crisis Why Tariffs? Government revenue Discourage imports/Improve b of p Foster economies of scale Reduce dependency on MDCs Attract FDI – they get in under tariff barrier EFFECTIVE RATE OF PROTECTION Net nominal tariff relative to value added Trade pessimists Slow growth of demand for primary products Low Income Elasticity/Increased Efficiency/Synthetics Terms of trade deterioration over time MDC import barriers Trade optimists Competition ? efficiency Economies of scale for efficient sectors Attract foreign capital Generate foreign exchange Propels Growth – When World Demand is Strong South-South Trade and Economic Integration Growth of trade among developing countries Economic integration: theory and practice Industrial complexes ? Economies of scale Regional trading blocks and the globalization of trade NAFTA: Mexican boom, ~ 1996 - 2000 Mercosur: Brazil /