THE WELFARE STATE - Fortrose Academy History 福利国家福特罗斯书院史.pptVIP

THE WELFARE STATE 1. World War II and the Beveridge Report The War: Evacuation Evacuation of cities began in Sep 1939 1.5 million children were evacuated Children were mainly from poor inner-city areas 20% of Liverpool’s evacuated children had lice Many children had little knowledge of sanitary habits Neville Chamberlain felt “ashamed of having been so ignorant of [his] neighbours” The War: equality of sacrifice Both rich and poor suffered from bombs 61,000 civilians lost their lives to bombs 4M homes were destroyed Rationing applied to everyone, regardless of social class Total war mean women and men of all classes did war work - together The War: social security A healthy workforce was needed to help win the war State services became available to all members of society Churchill’s coalition took over in May 1940 – remember Churchill was instrumental during the Liberal reforms of 1906 - 18 Churchill’s Government Took over during Britain’s “darkest hour” Failure at Dunkirk affected Britain’s morale Labour MPs played a prominent role in Churchill’s cabinet: Attlee; Bevin; Morrison; Greenwood; Dalton and Alexander Social Policies National Milk Scheme: set up in June ’40. Granted nursing and expectant mothers half-price milk. Eventually very poor women would be granted free milk. Provision of school milk meals: school meals and milk became free for all pupils Immunisation: From 1941 all children could be immunised free of charge – infant mortality levels were greatly affected Social policies (continued) State nurseries: set up so that women could return to war work Old Age Widows’ Pensions Act: set up in 1940 to supplement the income of 3/4M Determination of Needs Act: set up in 1941 to provide benefit for those who were in poverty; means test no longer included the extended family The Beveridge Report 1942 Officially known as the Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services Sold 635,000 copies Dealt with social issues of the time and was to help reform the socia