义务教育7-5-2.pptVIP

5.7 Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. what would happen if we were to carry out an electrophilic substitution reaction on a ring that already has a substituent? Substituents affect the reactivity of the aromatic ring. Some groups activate the ring for further electrophilic substitution, and some deactivate it. Substituents already present on an aromatic ring have two effects: An -OH group activates the ring, for instance, making phenol (hydroxybenzene) 1000 times more reactive than benzene toward nitration. An –NO2 group deactivates the ring, however, making nitro