【优秀WORD硕士论文】示范诉讼制度探析.docVIP

示范诉讼制度探析 （硕士论文摘要） 为了更好地应对新型的、大规模的群体纠纷不断涌现的社会现实，两大法系不断创建新型的群体纠纷解决制度，其中最为典型的当数示范诉讼制度。示范诉讼(Test case)，又称“试验诉讼”，是指某一案件与其他多数案件具有相同的事实问题或法律问题，该诉讼案件经由法院裁判后，其结果成为其他案件在诉讼上或诉讼外处理之依据，该诉讼即为“示范诉讼”。示范诉讼主要包括两种情形：一是契约型示范诉讼，是指在纷争当事人间须存有一明示或默示的协议，择定某一诉讼案件作为示范诉讼案件，并约定在示范诉讼判决确定前，其他未起诉的当事人暂不起诉，已提起诉讼者，则停止进行，待示范判决确定后，以该判决作为其他同类纷争解决之准据，在当事人之间具有拘束力。二是职权型示范诉讼，是指法院依职权决定从具有相同事实问题或法律问题的案件中选择一件或数件作为示范诉讼案件，并中止其他案件的审理，示范诉讼判决对其他案件的审理产生拘束力。同样作为群体纠纷解决制度，示范诉讼与美国的“集团诉讼”制度、德国的“团体诉讼”制度、日本和我国台湾地区的“选定当事人”制度以及我国的“代表人诉讼”制度相比，既有共同点又有差异，并且两大法系的代表性国家对示范诉讼的规定也不尽相同。由于近年来群体纠纷案件数量大幅上升和代表人诉讼制度不断被冷落，客观上造成了我国需要运用示范诉讼处理的群体案件数量大幅度上升，远远超出了其他国家群体案件的数量，实践中也出现了不少示范诉讼的雏形。然而，我国的示范诉讼缺乏理论的指导和法律的约束，如何借鉴两大法系代表性国家关于示范诉讼的典型规定，处理好示范诉讼与代表人诉讼制度的衔接问题以及引入示范诉讼的具体制度构建成为我们面临的课题。 关键词：示范诉讼 代表人诉讼 群体纠纷 An analysis of Test case in lawsuits Abstract In an aim of confronting the ever increasing cases on group disputes, the two major law systems, namely, Common Law system and Civil Law system, are accordingly coming up with new solutions to them, of which, the test case is the mostly applied one. The test case, is also known as the model action, the verdict of which can serve as judicial reference for many other cases with which it shares the same facts or legal nature. The test case falls into two categories. One is the agreement-based test case. As indicated, there is expressed or implied agreement between the parties who have achieved an agreement on the selection of a test case. The parties do not file a lawsuit or proceed with the ongoing trial until the court has announced a verdict of the test case which later can serve as a reference for similar actions. The agreement has a binding force between the parties. The other is authority-based test case. The court is authorized to select one as the test case and suspend the ongoing processes of many other cases of same facts or legal nature before the test case is trialed. In this sense, the chosen test case has a binding force against the hearing of other similar cases. The test case is