英汉语句法结构对比..pptVIP

英汉语句法结构对比 1、简单句 　　简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式： 　　主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语；I hate grammar. 　　主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)； Grammar sucks. 　　主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell. 2、并列句 　　并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。 　　I hate grammar, / while he loves it. （以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子） 　3、 主从复合句 　　主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。 说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式： 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句 形容词性从句（定语从句）：限制性，非限制性 副词性从句（状语从句）：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果 The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. （表语） What the ugly man chooses is living alone.（主语） We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.（宾语） The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. （同位语） The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.（定语） Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.（状语） 分析： One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous years had been referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school --- the most representative school of American art in any genre--- had by 1890 was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主语从句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表语从句】 　　首先找到句子主干成分：One of the results was...很明显