Labour Shortages and the Need for Immigrants劳动力短缺和移民的需要.pptVIP

New trends within OECD countries to encourage the international migration of highly skilled workers: overview and challengesJean-Christophe Dumont OECD Purpose and Scope This presentation aims at reviewing the recent changes in the international mobility of the highly skilled focusing on the role and limits of migration policies in OECD countries. The first part will describe how most OECD countries have recently adapted their immigration policies to facilitate the recruitment of highly skilled foreign workers The second part will present the main limits of these policies The conclusion will address briefly the potential impacts on developing countries Economic context and policy responses In the late 90’s employers reported labour shortages … in highly skilled occupations … … as well as for semi and low skilled jobs Labour shortages had many causes including (i) economic boom, (ii) rapid technological changes, (iii) mismatch between supply and demand of labour, (iv) lack of labour mobility, (v) structural rigidities in the labour market and (v) overestimation of the needs. Most OECD countries responded, inter alia, by adapting their migration policy to facilitate the recruitment of foreign qualified labour … … because short term solutions were needed and because “the more the better” Selective employment-related immigration policies in OECD countries OECD countries faced similar needs for highly skilled workers … but responded by different types of policies such as International migration of the highly skilled in figures Potentialities and limits Past experiences in migration policies for the recruitment of foreign labour demonstrate the positive role that can be played by foreign workers, especially during periods of strong economic growth … … but also underline some of the limits to such policies, which relate mainly to : Taking into account the potential impact on origin countries … Better sharing the benefits of the internati