八年教学器官移植课件.pptVIP

Organ Shortage Waiting list candidates as of today 3:25am All ?? 106,032 Kidney 83,611 Pancreas 1,488 Kidney/Pancreas 2,210 Liver 15,799 Intestine 233 Heart 3,108 Lung 1,857 Heart/Lung 69  Transplants performed January - November 2009 Total 26,095 Deceased Donor 20,140 Living Donor 5,955 Distribution of available organs Concept of distributive justice What is the criteria for justice? 1. equal share ? 2. according to need ? 3. according to effort ? 4. according to contribution ? 5. according to merit ? 6. according to free-market exchanges ? Equal access. include: · Length of time waiting (i.e. first come, first served) · Age (i.e. youngest to oldest) Maximum benefit. include: · Medical need (i.e. the sickest are given the first) · Probable success of a transplant (i.e. giving organs to the person who will be most likely to live the longest) Distribution of available organs Current organ distribution policy UNOS encourages transplant centers to consider the following criteria for distributing organs: medical need probability of success time on the waiting list DONOR ORGANS Cadaveric organ donation What is “dead” ? Heart stops beating? or brain function ceases ? (called brain death) Five strategies to increase cadaveric organ donations Living organ donation Benefits: Pre-arranged Better matches Psychological benefits for both Drawbacks: Health consequences Psychological consequences Pressure No donor advocate · Donor safety · Unfair appeal of financial incentives to the economically disadvantaged · Turning the body into a money-making tool · Wealthy people would be able to access more readily BUYING AND SELLING ORGANS Alternative organ sources ANIMAL ORGANS ARTIFICIAL ORGANS STEM CELLS ABORTED FETUSES LEGAL ISSUES National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 Established the UNOS Established the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) Established the Task Force on Organ Transplantation. Banned the purchase or sale of organs or tissues MEDICARE Conditions of