药效课件.pptVIP

学习要点： 基本要求：该部分的学习目的为掌握药理学的基本概念；熟悉与药理学基本概念相关的知识；了解药动学与药效学的相关公式与知识。 延伸要求：将总论中的概念与相关生理生化知识﹑各论中药物的效应联系起来，该种联系贯穿药理学及其它基础与临床医学知识学习的始终。 学习方法：注意各种概念间的联系：如药物的治疗作用﹑药物的不良反应以及机体状态间的关系；药物治疗指数与药物治疗窗间的关系等。 Therapeutic window（治疗窗）：the range between the ED50 and the starting point of LD50 curve。 Therapeutic window: 200/100 =2 Q 如两药的 治疗指数相同，其治疗窗也一定相同吗？ One drug binding to A receptor (higher affinity) and B receptor (higher efficacy) , what determine the drug selectivity? * Dose Therapeutic effect Curative Treatment （对因治疗）Some medications are intended to destroy the root of the disease, such as antibiotics that kill bacteria, anti-fungal medicines that kill fungal infections, or antihistamines which help clear up a reaction to an allergen. Symptomatic treatment （对症治疗）is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not its cause, i.e., its etiology. In many diseases, even in those whose etiologies are known (e.g., most viral diseases, such as influenza), symptomatic treatment is the only one available so far. Examples of symptomatic treatments: Analgesics, for pain ；Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis Antitussives, for cough ；Antihistaminics, for allergy Q- Does ADR frequently happen? very common (1/10 patients) common (? 1/100) uncommon (? 1/1000) rare (? 1/10,000) very rare (1/100,000) Q- In what condition ADR happens? ? 引起药物不良反应的因素? Accruing in the course of? the use of drug in professional practice, From drug overdose whether accidental or intentional; Occurring from drug abuse; From drug withdrawal; Any significant failure of expected pharmacological action. Idiosyncratic reactions classification Immune related such as allergic hypersensitivity reactions (penicillin). Non-immune reactions such as porphyria (卟啉病), malignant hyperthermia (恶性高热）, neuroleptic malignant syndrome （抗精神病药物恶性症候群） A secondary infection is usually treated as a complication, and it is something which must be addressed, especiall