明代陆机指斥研讨.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 “太康之英”陆机是一个时代之文学的象征。明代学者对其非常关注，对其的批评 也极具特色，极具价值。 明代文坛最突出的特征是复古思潮贯穿始终，而对复古思潮的反拨也不断涌现。 明代人对陆机的批评主要集中在《文赋》中关于创新、警策、文体辨析的论断，这 主要是出于对明代复古模拟文风的反思。 对于陆机创作，明人基本认同前代对其总体风格的评鉴，而进一步阐释，将观点落 实到作品分析中。其中较为突出的是对陆机拟古诗的评价。各家见仁见智，各抒己见。 明代后期，胡应麟建构了自己的诗歌体系。将陆机放在完整的诗歌史上做出观照， 品鉴其作品风格；分析其“体备才兼”；指出其“嗣魏开宋”的历史地位。 许学夷则以辩体的方式构建了诗史时空之网，标举诗歌正体与变体。在他的诗歌体 系中，陆机作品“雕刻伤拙”，属于“再变”。他明确了陆机“转变关捩”的地位，更进 一步指出陆机在西晋时代的地位。 明代也是陆机研究史的转型期：此后的陆机研究进入了“史”的维度，成为系统性、 完整性之研究，突破了前人相对孤立片面的批评；自明代开始，学者对陆机的批评更多 地表现为一种个性色彩，而不再是之前的时代共性，从此，陆机研究新见频出，百家争 鸣。 可以说，明代学者构筑了现代陆机研究的基础。对于明代的陆机批评情况，我们应 该予以关注。 关键词 陆机 明代批评 创作 理论 诗史地位 胡应麟 许学夷 I Abstract Abstract Lu Ji is a symbol of the literature of his era. Scholars in Ming Dynasty paid close attention on him, and their criticisms about him are extremely Distinguishing and very valuable. The most prominent feature of Ming Dynasty literary trend was that the thoughts of “Restoring Ancient Ways ”were booming. And the oppositions appeared constantly. The criticists in Ming Dynastys mainly concentrated in innovations, the use of epigrams, the idea of stylistic in LuJis Wen Fu. This is mainly due to their purpose of adjusting contemporary literary . As concerned Lu Jis creation, scholars in Ming Dynasty almost agreed with former ones, and they illustrated their views in the analysis of LuJis works. The most outstanding one of their comments is the evaluation ofLuJis “NiGuShi ”.Their opinions differ from each other, and all have their reasonableness. In the late of Ming Dynasty ,Hu Yinglin co