沙芥属植物的细胞学分析-蔬菜学专业论文.docxVIP

The cytology study of Puigonium GaertnAbstractPuigonium Gaertn. were selected as materials, using the method of squash to analyse the features of chromosome. The results suggested that the interphase nuclei were all categorized to be prochromosome type, Puigonium Gaertn. Were doplid and had stable chromosome number, the number of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn. was 2n=22. basic chromosome number was confirmed to be x=11, the chromosome number of P.dolabratum.var.platypterum H.L.Yang, P.dolabratum Maxim., P.calcaratum Kom., and P.cristatum.Kom. were 2n=20, basic chromosome number all were confirmed to be x=10; The relative length changed from 6.06 to 14.70, the average arm ratio changed from 1.64 to 1.74, A.s.k% changed from 61.91% to 63.59%, Lt/St changed from 1.75 to 2.08 in Puigonium Gaertn. . The chromosomes were mainly composed by median regionchromosome（m）and submedian region chromosome（sm）, there were satellites found inall of them morphological observation. karyotype types of P.cornutum (L.) Gaertn and P. calcaratum Kom. were 2A, karyotype types of P.dolabratum. var. platypterum H.L.Yang, P.dolabratum Maxim., and P.cristatum.Kom. were 1A. The plant with 20 chromosomes in Puigonium Gaertn. could be divided into 2 groups by karyotype features cluster, the karyotype of Puigonium Gaertn.were first reported. This research enriched cytology content of Cruciferous plant, provided the reference material for Puigonium Gaertn. system classification and evolution.The results of meiosis of Puigonium Gaertn showed that the process of them are irregular. The diakinesis appeared univalent, bivalent and trivalent, besides, trivalent were observed in P.cornutum(L.)Gaertn and P. calcaratum Kom..besidesP.calcaratum Kom ,others were chromosome bridge in anaphaseⅠ.The laggingchromosomes were observed in different periods of different plants anaphase. Tetrahedral and isobilatera were oberved in tetrad of Puionium Gaertn.,and the meiosis process of pollen mother cell in P