Launch and Orbital Operations of Satellites卫星发射与轨道运行.docVIP

Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria Spaziale 2° anno Corso ‘Stazioni di Terra’ Appendice 8 Applicazioni spaziali del GPS/GNSS Giorgio Perrotta Anno Accademico 2007 Introduction: Galileo and GPS The bulk of the revenues are expected to come from Earth-based uses of GPS today, and of GNSS tomorrow, through the development of innovative applications serving the needs of the land, aeronautical and maritime mobiles. However, it should be borne in mind that navigation satellite systems play an outstanding role in supporting other space assets, thus considerably contributing to render their operation more performant and cost-effective. Furthermore, the availability of the signals emitted by the satellites of the navigation constellation can be exploited to serve many scientific needs, leading to a significant fallout for the general public. The Space applications of GPS/GNSS can be divided in two classes: a) engineering applications; b) scientific applications For these applications the signal emitted by the GPS/GNSS satellites either constitute a unique data source or else are characterized by a low cost per data sample. In brief, the GPS/GNSS represent an economic and cost-effective way of providing solutions to old and new problems. Engineering applications of GPS/GNSS (1) On-orbit orbit determination Performed in real time directly on board the spacecraft carrying a GPS/GNSS receiver The Orbit Determination software is also incorporated into the receiver The absolute orbit determination in real time is used to support satellite orbital-position related mission events, to drive spacecraft orbit control manoeuvres, and to implement spacecraft attitude reconstitution by joint operation with other spacecraft attitude sensors; On-orbit determination is particularly useful on board LEO spacecraft, specially those carrying scientific or Remote Sensing payloads; Real-time orbit determination is also being increasingly considered on board launch vehi