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SEDIMENTATION HISTORIES AND TRACE METALS ANALYSIS沉降史与痕量金属分析.doc

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SEDIMENTATION HISTORIES AND TRACE METALS ANALYSIS沉降史与痕量金属分析

SEDIMENTATION HISTORIES AND TRACE METALS ANALYSIS FOR THE FINGER LAKES, NEW YORK By Jennifer Tilghman Cholnoky A Project Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major subject: GEOLOGY Approved: Richard F. Bopp Project Advisor Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York August 2012 Table of Contents Table of Contents ii List of Tables iv List of Figures v Acknowledgements vii Abstract viii Chapter 1 Introduction and Historical Review 1 1.1 Geologic and Physical Setting 1 1.2 Focus of This Study 2 1.2.1 Radionuclide dating of lake sediments 3 1.3 Contamination History 6 1.3.1 Regional History 6 1.3.2 Regional Industry 6 1.4 Trace metal contaminants 8 1.4.1 Arsenic 8 1.4.2 Lead 11 1.4.3 Zinc 13 1.4.4 Copper 14 1.4.5 Chromium 16 1.4.6 Historical review of background trace metal concentrations 17 Chapter 2 Methods 18 2.1 Core collection and sediment preparation 18 2.2 Radionuclide Analysis 21 2.2.1 Sedimentation Rates 22 2.2.2 Co-convolution of data with DBSpike program 23 2.2.3 Sediment focusing factors 23 2.3 Trace metals analysis 24 2.4 Organic matter analysis 25 2.5 Land use/ land cover data 26 Chapter 3 Results and Discussion 28 3.1 Results of sediment dating 28 3.2 Sedimentation Rates 28 3.3 Sediment focusing factors 31 3.4 Trace element flux calculations 33 3.5 Individual Core Data 33 3.5.1 Canadice Lake cores 36 3.5.2 Honeoye Lake cores 42 3.5.3 Seneca Lake cores 46 3.5.4 Seneca Lake trace metals comparison 51 3.5.5 Owasco Lake cores 53 3.6 Arsenic in Finger Lakes sediments 57 3.7 Manganese in Finger Lakes sediments 58 3.8 Chromium in Finger Lakes sediments 59 3.9 Covariance of trace metals in Finger Lakes sediments 61 Chapter 4 Conclusions and areas for future study 63 Bibliography 65 List of Tables Table 1.1 Background concentrations for trace metals 17 Table 2.1 Core Summary. Lakes are listed geographically from west to east. 20 Table 3.1