Language and Thought - AP Psychology Community语言与思想的AP心理学界.pptVIP

Language and Thought Language Our spoken written or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning. Phonemes In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. Chug has three phonemes, ch, u, g. Morphemes In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning. Can be a word or part of a word (prefix or suffix). Grammar A system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate and understand others. Semantics The set of rules by which we derive meaning in a language. Adding ed at the end of words means past tense. Syntax The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. In English, adjectives come before nouns, but not in Spanish!! Language development How many words do you think you know now? Language Development Babbling Stage: starting at 3-4 months, the infant makes spontaneous sounds. Not limited to the phonemes of the infant’s household language. How do we explain language development? Skinner Skinner thought that we can explain language development through social learning theory (which is?). ChomskyInborn Universal Grammar We acquire language too quickly for it to be learned. We have this “learning box” inside our heads that enable us to learn any human language. Does language influence our thinking? Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity The idea that language determines the way we think (not vive versa). Do people that speak more than one language think differently depending on their language at that time? Thinking without Language We can think in words. But more often we think in mental pictures. Do Animals think? Kohler’s Chimpanzees Kohler exhibited that Chimps can problem solve. Honeybees seem to communicate Apes and Signing * Its all about communication!!! Believe it or not, this communication is a form of language!!! How many phonemes does platypus have? The Chinese languages do not have expansive semantic rules. They usually have totally different symbols for different tenses. Is this the White House of