噻虫嗪的水解与光解作用及对土壤呼吸作用影响研究-环境工程专业论文.docx

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2018-06-28 发布于上海
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噻虫嗪的水解与光解作用及对土壤呼吸作用影响研究-环境工程专业论文.docx

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噻虫嗪的水解与光解作用及对土壤呼吸作用影响研究-环境工程专业论文

AbstractThiamethoxambelongstoanewclassofinsecticidesknownasneonictinoids.Itownshigherbiologicalactivity,moresafetyandwiderspectruminapplyingagainstinsectandhasthebrighterfutureinmarket.Inthisdissertation,hydrolysisandphotolysisofthiamethoxamandtheeffectsofthiamethoxamonrespirationofsoilwerestudiedthoroughly.Theresultsobtainedfromtheexperimentsarehelpfulinforecastingthiamethoxam’senvironmentalbehaviors,guidingfarmertoapplythepesticidecorrectlyandreducingthepollutionsfromapplyingthepesticide.Firstly,inthisdissertation,briefintroductionsontherelativeconcepts,basictheoriesbackgroundknowledgeandadvancedstudyinthefieldofenvironmentalbehaviorofpesticideisprovided.Secondly,thehydrolysisofthiamethoxamwasstudied.Inthischapter,experimentswereconductedtoinvestigatethehydrolysisofthiamethoxam.Theresultsshowthatalkalinecancatalyzethehydrolysisofthiamethoxamandthehydrolysisfitthefirst-orderkinetics.ThehydrolyticrateofthiamethoxamwasincreasedwiththevaluesofpHandtemperatures.ByextractingandanalyzingthehydrolysisproductwithGC-MS,itwasfoundthat3-(2-chloro-thiazolyl-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-oxadiazineistheprimaryhydrolysisproduct,baseonwhichthehydrolysismechanismwasproposed.Cu2+andFe(OH)3couldcatalyzethehydrolysisofthiamethoxamandHAcouldbafflethehydrolysisofthiamethoxam.ThehydrolyticmechanismandthecatalyticmechanismofCu2+weresuggestedasfollowed:(1)Cu2+iscoordinatedwiththeatomofNofthegroupofC=N,andleadstowithdrawingelectrondensityawayfromthecarbonatomandgeneratingamorereactiveelectrophile.SothebondofC-NismoreeasilybrokenwhenitwasattackedbyOH-.(2)Cu2+caninducethedeprotonationofcoordinatedwatermolecules,therebygeneratingmetalhydroxospecies,whichisthestrongernucleophilethanOH-.ThepotentialcatalysismechanismofFe(OH)3weresuggestedasfollowed:(1)Fe(OH)3iscoordinatedwiththeatomofNofthegroupofC=N,andleadstowithdrawingelectrondensityawayfromthecarbonatomandgeneratingamorereactiveelectrophile.SothebondofC-NismoreeasilybrokenwhenitisattackedbyOH-.(2)Fe(OH)3takespositronandhasstrongadsorption,soit