The observation and use of gravitational waves - NikhefNIKHEF观察与使用的引力波.docVIP

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The observation and use of gravitational waves - NikhefNIKHEF观察与使用的引力波.doc

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The observation and use of gravitational waves - NikhefNIKHEF观察与使用的引力波

Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics Main goal The main goal of the project is to observe gravitational waves (GW), and subsequently, exploit their observation to address open questions in astroparticle physics. To achieve this goal we will contribute to the design, realization and optimization of experiments that feature both interferometers and a spherical GW antenna. Scientific motivation General Relativity (GR) is one of the most fundamental and beautiful physical theories. Yet it is poorly tested, as compared to other fundamental physical theories (e.g., quantum electrodynamics). One of the key features of GR is the dynamical nature of space-time itself: its curvature is a time-dependent quantity, and ripples of curvature can propagate through space-time with the speed of light. Such propagating curvature-ripples are called gravitational waves, and their existence is one of the most important, yet untested, predictions of GR. In our universe, GW are produced by unique astronomical events, such as mergers of pairs of black holes or neutron stars, and supernovae explosions. GW can be used to probe the evolution of such compact objects. Such data are entirely independent of any observation in the electromagnetic spectrum, and are therefore likely to lead to unique information on such compact objects, including for instance information on the equation of state of matter at extremely high densities. Moreover, GW propagate almost unperturbed through essentially the entire universe. This makes it in principle possible to detect GW-signals emitted essentially during the Big-Bang. Measuring the amplitude at different frequencies should give information on matter at energies around 1018 GeV, a scale that will never be reached by men. As the spectrum and amplitude of GW sensitively depends on the details of the Big Bang models, i.e. inflationary fields causing rapid expansion of the universe size, rapid collapse of cosmic strings, etc., such data will represent the first dir