Topic 83 Stoichiometry Limiting and Excess Reagent 话题83的化学计量比的限制与过量的试剂.pptVIP

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Topic 83 Stoichiometry Limiting and Excess Reagent 话题83的化学计量比的限制与过量的试剂.ppt

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Topic 83 Stoichiometry Limiting and Excess Reagent 话题83的化学计量比的限制与过量的试剂

Topic 8.3 Stoichiometry: Limiting and Excess Reagent Calculations By Kirsten 327 What is Stoichiometry?Lets take a closer look. A method of predicting or analyzing the quantities of the reactants and products participating in a chemical process Three forms including gas stoichiometry, solution stoichiometry, and gravimetric stoichiometry. Example of Stoichiometry In a precipitation reaction, KOH(aq) reacts with excess Sn(NO3)2(aq) to produce a precipitate. If the mass of precipitate is 2.57 g, what mass of KOH(s) was present in the original solution? First Step: Balance Equation: 2KOH(aq) + Sn(NO3) 2(aq) Sn(OH)2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) Moles n2 n1 Mass ? 2.57g Molar Mass 56.11 g/mol 152.71 g/mol Second Step: n1= 2.57 g x (1 mol/ 152.71 g) = 0.0168 mol n2= 0.0168 mol x (2/1) = 0.0337 mol m= 0.0337 mol x (56.11 mol/g) = 1.89g Understanding Chemical Principles Conservation of Mass in a Chemical Reaction In chemical reactions the mass is conserved, meaning that the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants. Mass Products = Mass Reactants There will always be an equal number of moles of each element before and after a reaction takes place Identifying Reagents Limiting Reagents Completely consumed in a chemical reaction Excess Reagents More is present than is necessary to react with the limiting reagent The limited reagent is the reagent that is being analyzed in a quantitative analysis where limiting and excess reagents are present. How to find Limiting Regent: Ensure that all masses given are in moles. Take the molar amounts from each substance and divide by the coefficient of that substance in the balanced equation. The smaller number will be the limiting reagent. Example 1: 300 mL of 0.100 mol/L of BaCl2(aq) and 200 mL of 0.110 mol/L of Na2CO3(aq) are mixed. What is the limiting reagent in the reaction? Answer: Na2CO3 Why? BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) BaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) With a 1:1 mole ratio of reactants he species present in least a