并存债务承担实证考察——以允诺还款第三人债务承担为中心-empirical study on concurrent debt commitment - focusing on the debt commitment of the third party who promises to repay.docxVIP
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并存债务承担实证考察——以允诺还款第三人债务承担为中心-empirical study on concurrent debt commitment - focusing on the debt commitment of the third party who promises to repay
中文摘要传统的民法理论依债务移转发生之后,原债务人对发生移转的债务是 否仍应负担,分为免责的债务承担和并存的债务承担。我国现行立法,虽 然仅规定了免责的债务承担,但对于并存的债务承担,从学理界和实务界 均承认,与现行立法亦不冲突,在审判实务中亦得到越来越多的实践支持, 应当为立法所采纳。在司法实践中,运用并存债务承担的理论,可以更好 地解释形式多样的债务承担现象,也更能体现民事行为的自治性,更大限 度地保护债权人合法债权的实现,维护交易安全,实现债的经济价值。本 文共分四个部分,共计约 17000 字。第一部分是一则案例的基本案情及讼争焦点介绍。分析实践中对并存 债务承担存在认识差异,而这种认识差异将导致最终判决结果的大相径庭。实践中采狭义认识者,仅以免责债务承担为法律适用依据,不利于最 大限度地保护债权人的利益。该部分体现本文所议论问题的重要性,引出下文的分析。第二部分是并存债务承担的概述。首先,介绍债务承担制度的历史流 变,说明其制度确立经历了一个漫长的过程,是适应经济发展,促进交易 的结果。在审判实践中,应运用并存债务承担理论来更大限度地保护债权 人合法债权的实现,维护交易安全,实现债的经济价值。其次,从并存债 务承担的定义、性质、特征等几个方面对其基本概念予以分析。本文认为 并存的债务承担,是第三人加入之债,原债务人不脱离债务关系,第三人 与原债务人共同向债权人承担债务,其性质是重叠的债务负担行为。其特 征体现为:1、不改变原债权债务关系主体的地位;2、不受原债权债务关 系主体意思表示限制;3、范围不必与原债务一致。再次,对与并存债务 承担易产生混淆的保证、履行承担概念作了区分。第三部分是并存债务承担的成立。本文认为并存的债务承担有以下几 方面成立条件:1、须以原债务之合法有效存在为前提;2、须原债务具有 可移转性;3、不须债权人或债务人同意。成立方式上,依合同方式或单 方法律行为均可,即并存的债务承担可由债务承担人与债权人或债务人达 成协议,或者承担人作出单方法律行为而成立。第四部分是并存债务承担的法律效力。本文认为并存债务承担发生以 下几点法律效力:1、第三人取得债务人地位;2、第三人以原债务内容为限承担债务及履行义务;3、第三人可以援引原债务人对债权人的抗辩;4、 第三人与原债务人对债权人负担不真正连带债务责任。本文案例为第三人单方允诺还款,成立并存债务承担,发生相应法律效力,应当承担责任。关键词:并存债务承担允诺还款第三人成立条件法律效力AbstractThe traditional civil law theory divides the debt transfer into two categories: relief debt transfer and conjunct debt transfer, according to whether the former debtor undertakes obligation or not after he transfers the debt. The current legislation of our country has no provision on the conjunct debt transfer but only on the relief debt transfer. Whereas, the conjunct debt transfer is accepted by theoretic and practical circle, and it doesn’t conflict with the current legislation, furthermore, it is supported by more and more judicial practice. Thus, it should be adopted by the legislation. In judicial practice, the theory of conjunct debt transfer, can better explain the various forms of debt transfer, and better reflect the autonomy of civil action, to a greater extent protect the legitimate claims of creditors as to maintain transaction security and achieve the economic value of the debt. This article is divided into four parts,
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