变速器拍击动力学分析及实验分析-dynamic analysis and experimental analysis of transmission slap.docx

摘要拍击现象的本质是齿轮副之间因为转速波动而导致轮齿间的接触、脱离、再 接触的重复冲击。随着变速器振动噪声的研究已经趋于成熟，非承载齿轮副的拍 击现象更加的凸显，得到了更多的关注。同时变速器拍击噪声是一种瞬态噪声， 噪声级会产生显著的跳跃现象，而人耳对其变化的幅度往往更敏感。本文重点关 注变速器拍击现象的产生机理及其传播路径，从而对理论上的动力学仿真和实践 上的测试分析进行研究，并建立两者的联系。主要研究内容如下：① 从齿轮非线性拍击现象出发，研究齿轮传动由齿轮侧隙形成的拍击振动的 动力学特性，先从单齿对拍击研究入手，利用集中参数法建立考虑齿轮侧隙、阻 滞力矩和载荷波动影响的非线性扭转振动动力学模型，利用数值仿真方法考察了 多参数影响下的拍击动态特征。② 在对单对齿轮副分析的基础上，建立变速器系统拍击动力学仿真模型，主 要分析阻滞系数和扭矩波动对于变速器系统拍击动态特性的影响。同时引入拍击 指数的概念，用来评价拍击的强度。③ 在理论研究的基础上搭建拍击实验台，实验台是以模拟现实汽车工况中激励变速器拍击现象为前提的。设计结合了硬件激励和软件测试的功能，测试主要 依赖于 BK 软件实时测量变速器产生拍击时候，变速器箱体所反映出来的时谱、频谱、阶次特性，从而结合仿真进行分析。④ 以某变速器作为研究对象，建立仿真模型，分析其拍击特性，同时在搭建 的台架上进行实验。本次实验主要是不同激励幅值的对比实验和不同阻滞力矩对比实验。通过仿真分析和变速器测试分析，对变速器的拍击特性进行研究。并引入测试得到的声压级的值作为评价拍击强度的标准。关键词：齿轮系统动力学，拍击现象，变速器拍击，输入激励，阻滞力矩ABSTRACTThe nature of rattle phenomenon is due to speed fluctuation of the drive gear in the gear pair, speed fluctuation result in repeated impact as contact and detach appear alternately. As the advanced studies of the transmission NVH, study of the vibration and noise has already been mature. The rattle phenomenon caused by unload gear pair have been highlighted, and resulted in more and more attention. Meanwhile transmission rattle noise is a transient noise, the noise level will have a significant jump phenomenon, and to the human ear tend to be more sensitive to changes in amplitude. This paper focuses on the mechanism of transmission rattle phenomenon and propagation path, researches for both the theoretical simulation analysis and practical test analysis, and establishes the connection.①As the gear backlash reflected in kinetic equation is strong nonlinear, thedynamic response performance is typical nonlinear system, so the gear system study belongs to nonlinear kinetic dynamics field. Aiming at excitation from gear impact, the paper studies dynamic characteristics of gear rattle formed by the gear backlash. Starting with single gear pair rattle, established nonlinear torsional vibration dynamics model using lumped parameter method, considering the gear back