不同生境下的浅海大型底栖动物群落特征解析——以日本福岛町为例-analysis of macrobenthos community characteristics in shallow sea under different habitats a case study of fukushima prefecture, japan.docxVIP

少，甲壳类是底栖动物的主要构成，优势种中的钩虾 T.japonica 和磷虾 E.pacifica与水温、盐度正相关，并且季节变化显著，在 11 月的样品中少有发现，水深、盐 度与 L.nubellus的密度负相关，这可能是由于在冬季，卵和幼体数量减少，盐度限 制了底栖动物食物的分布，海星纲、海胆纲的密度与水温以及盐度正相关，鱼类（仔鱼）的密度受到了端足类密度的影响，倾向分布在端足类数量多（营养丰富） 的海域。水温和水深影响了福岛町周边底栖生物的数量和种类组成，并且盐度对 部分种类的生物有显著影响。（4）养殖鳑鲏鱼后水体中的总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）和总磷（TP）等营 养盐浓度明显增高，水质由实验始期的Ⅱ类标准恶化至劣Ⅴ类，其影响程度以其中的 1 成鱼处理更高；浮游植物的群落结构发生一定改变，生物多样性有所降低， 密度和生物量则明显增加，各处理均以大体积的衣藻为优势种，对照则以小体积的蹄形藻为优势种。可见，鳑鲏鱼作为清澈水体的优势种鱼类，种群密度过高会造成水体营养盐升高并导致浮游植物生物量加大，成为恶化水质的隐患。关键词 大型底栖动物，生物多样性，环境因子IIMacrobenthos Communities under Different Habitat——Fukushima-cho As an ExampleABSTRACTMacrobenthos is an important fishery resource. With the rapid development of economy, the macrobenthos are affected by pollution,causing substantially reduced its community structure change and biodiversity; this study was at Fukushima-cho, Japan, we use the sledge net of ushio maru, Hokkaido University, try to do a survey (May andNovember ） to find the amount of macrobenthos resources, especially the amount ofcrustaceans and bivalves around the Fukushima-cho and analyzed fish effects on water nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton communities.In May and November 174 species of macrobenthos were collected, density and biomass in May were 1402.5inds./m2 and 691.5g/m2, the density and biomass were 925.5inds./m2 and 1294.5g/m2 in November, diversity index H and J were 0.92±0.18 and 0.72±0.14, the dominant species were Themisto japonica, Euphausia pacifica, Pleustespanopla,Stenothoesp., Spirontocarissp. and Laqucusnubellus.Two times we collected Crustaceans 85 kinds, the density of May and November were 1188inds./m2 and 703.5inds./m2, biomass were 163.2g/m2 and 47.8g/m2, the main species were T.japonica and E.pacifica. And the density of Echinodermata in May and November were 74.1inds./m2 and 106.2inds./ m2, biomass were 318.8g/m2 and 474.6g/m2, the main species were Amphipholis kochii, Grossaster papposus, Plazaster borealis and Temnopleurushardwickii. Two times were identified 4 kinds