C语言基础教程课件(英文版)ch14.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Macros (continued) For example, the equivalence established by the statement…#define FORMAT The answer is %f\n …enables us to write the statement printf(FORMAT, 15.2); The compiler always receives the expanded version after the text has been inserted in place of the symbolic name by the preprocessor A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Macros (continued) Equivalences can use arguments #define SQUARE(x) x * x y = SQUARE(num); is expanded to y = num * num; Advantage: since the data type of the argument is not specified, the macro can be used with any data type argument Be careful: val = SQUARE(num1 + num2); is expanded to val = num1 + num2 * num1 + num2; Solution: use #define SQUARE(x) (x) * (x) A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Macros (continued) Macros are extremely useful when the calculations or expressions they contain are relatively simple A macro definition can be continued on a new line by using a \ The advantage of using a macro instead of a function is an increase in execution speed No execution time loss due to the call and return procedures required by a function Disadvantage: the increase in required program memory space when a macro is used repeatedly Each time a macro is used, the complete macro text is reproduced and stored as part of the program A function is stored in memory only once A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Command-Line Arguments A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Command-Line Arguments (continued) You can use command-line arguments to pass arguments to a main() function C:pgm14.3 three blind mice To standardize arguments passing to main(), only two items are allowed: a number and an array The number is an integer variable, which must be named argc (short for argument counter) The array is a one-dimensional list, which must be named argv (short for argument values) A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition * Command-Line Argu