Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition Dual Task Studies of 在人类认知中的双任务研究来源的灵活性.pptVIP

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Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition Dual Task Studies of 在人类认知中的双任务研究来源的灵活性.ppt

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Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition Dual Task Studies of 在人类认知中的双任务研究来源的灵活性

Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition: Dual Task Studies of Space and Language Stephanie Lidd and Jamie Tauber Human Navigation Abilities Two unique features Capable of dead reckoning Great flexibility Disorientation Can reorient themselves after disorientation How? Cheng Experiments (1986) Tested rats’ abilities to find food after disorientation Rats went to the correct corner and the geometric equivalent at equally high rates Despite differences in non-geometric cues (e.g. brightness, pattern, and odor) Conclusion: Rats reorient in accordance with environment shape (geometric module) Hermer, Spelke: Orientation Abilities in Children (18-24 Months) Similar to Cheng’s experiment Searched for hidden object in all white room, then room with one blue wall Searched both corners equally in all white room Failed to use non-geometric property (blue wall) as a way of navigation (like adult rats) Results for Cheng and Hermer Spelke Hermer and Spelke: Adult Disorientation Conducted same experiment using adults Adults checked geometrically equivalent corners in white room Were able to use the blue wall as a way of orienting themselves and finding the object (used non-geometric) Hermer (1994): Disorientation in Children (3-7 years) Described position of the object as behind colored wall or to the left or right Children 4+ were successful in describing the objects position behind the wall Children 6+ were able to describe the position as ‘left’ or ‘right’ of the wall Hermer (1997) Spatial Language in Children 5-7 years Tested children’s abilities to use spatial language Correlation between spatial language and ability to use non-geometric landmarks to locate objects Causation Between Spatial Language and Development of Spatial Performance Possibilities Three possibilities Independent, but developmentally linked Depend on a common factor Development of spatial language produces change in spatial relations Experiment 1 Similar to Cheng’s Experiment White room and roo