Stem Cells - Thomas A Stewart Secondary School：干细胞-托马斯斯图尔特中学.pptVIP

Stem Cells What are stem cells? Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells Plant stem cells Stem cells – true or false? Super starfish! Animal regeneration A controversial source? If you ran the country… Therapeutic cloning How could adult stem cells be used? Advantages of using adult stem cells Glossary Multiple-choice quiz Teacher notes The ability to re-grow limbs is a competitive advantage, in that the starfish can sacrifice its limb to a predator and escape, without being hindered in the long-term. One question for the students would be to ask them what is special about a starfish that has grown back from a leftover arm – it will be a clone of the old individual. Photo credit: Andrew J Martinez / Science Photo Library Northern sea star (Asterias vulgaris) growing from a severed arm. The large arm at right was once part of another starfish, but was cut off, probably by a predator. Starfish have amazing powers of regeneration, and if enough of an arm is present, one arm can regenerate an entire starfish, as is happening here. The northern sea star inhabits cool coastal waters in the north-western Atlantic Ocean. It feeds mainly on bivalve molluscs. To eat these it forces their shells open by attaching an arm to each half of the shell and pulling. It then passes digestive juices into the shell and sucks out the resulting liquid. Photographed in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Stem Cells Teacher notes Some lizards can regenerate lost tails, while lobsters can grow back limbs and claws. Worms can also replicate by regeneration. If they are chopped in half, for example, both parts will grow into separate (but genetically identical) individuals. The mammalian liver is capable of regenerating itself if it loses up to two-thirds of itself through surgery or injury. Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology Stem Cells Teacher notes In 2001, US President George W Bush banned the use of Government money for research on newly-derived em