浙江女性藏书家对文化发展与传承杰出贡献.docVIP

浙江女性藏书家对文化发展与传承杰出贡献 　　摘 要 浙江不仅藏书文化源远流长、博大精深，且有17位对文化发展与传承有杰出贡献的女性藏书家。她们因读书而藏书，因藏书而抄书、刻书、编书，又在藏读书中获得了更多学识、提高了素养。她们或引领女性编刻女性文集，或为女性撰写画学著作之先驱，或在鉴赏史上留下了划时代一笔，或保护藏书，弘扬了巾帼不让须眉的文化使命，或将才女文化、书法文化发扬至海外，成为中外文化交流史上亮丽的风景线。 　　关键词 女性藏书家 刻书 编书 文化传承 浙江省 　　分类号 G259.2 　　The Contribution of Female Bibliophiles of Zhejiang Province to Chinese Culture 　　Ling Dongmei 　　Abstract Zhejiang Province not only has a long-standing and profound culture of book collection， but also 17 female bibliophiles who contributed outstandingly for the development and inheritance of culture. They collected books for reading， also copied books， block-printed books， and edited books for collecting books， gaining more knowledge and improving their own quality in the collection and reading. They edited the female selections and guided the female literature to a new era. They were experts in painting and female pioneers of composing painting writings. They were great at appreciation and had epoch-making significance in the history of appreciation. They protected the collected books and were excellent as their male colleagues. They also carried forward Chinese talented women’s culture and calligraphy culture to abroad， and became a bright scenery line of the history of exchanges between Chinese and foreign countries. 　　Keywords Female bibliophile. Block-print book. Edit book. Culture inheritance. Zhejiang Province. 　　我国流传至今的各类古籍，大约在八万至十五万种之间[1]。这些无法确切统计的、承载着中华民族五千年历史文化、传承着人类知识与智慧的文献，历经无以计数的战祸、天灾、人祸的劫难，仍能顽强地繁衍生息并薪火传承，不得不说是一奇迹。创造这个奇迹的，则是“藏书”这一行为，私人藏书家又是这一行为的主力军，据范凤书《中国私家藏书史》的不完全统计，历代有据可考的藏书家达5 045人，其中女性40人。在男尊女卑的传统社会中，能接受教育的女性已是凤毛麟角，涉足藏书者更难能可贵。浙江一地经济文化发达，妇女地位相对较高，加之宋室南渡后藏书风气渐浓，至晚明到清代达到鼎盛，竟涌现了19位女性藏书家。她们因藏书而抄书、刻书、编书，又在藏、读中获得了更多的学识、提升了素养，不仅赢得了男性的尊重与欣赏，更在中国女性文学史、书画史、鉴赏史、藏书史、目录学史以及海外文化交流史上贡献斐然。 　　1 引领女性编刻女性选集之功 　　传统社会中女性受教育机会少，加之书籍刊刻的困难和“内言不出于阃”等因素，明代之前传世女性著作很少，据胡文楷《历代妇女著作考》和施淑仪《清代闺阁诗人征略》两书统计，先秦至民国初年，我国古代女作家4 000余人，宋代44人，明代244人，清代3 500人以上[2]，可见明代的女性著作有了突破性的发展。与明清女性著作繁荣相适应的，是女性文集选编刊刻出现空前高潮。据张丽杰博士研究，明代女性文集的编纂刊行经历了“嘉靖年间的零