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- 2018-07-04 发布于福建
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多黏菌类抗生素
多黏菌素类抗生素 摘 要 抗菌药物的广泛应用挽救了无数患者的生命。但随着细菌耐药性的增强、尤其是多耐药和泛耐药菌株的出现及日益多见,现临床上对耐药菌有效的药物已非常有限。多黏菌素类抗生素因对以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌等为代表的多耐药革兰阴性菌有良好的抗菌活性,故常在临床上被用作上述耐药菌感染治疗的最后选择,国内、外近年来的使用频率都趋逐渐增加。为全面了解并更好地使用多黏菌素类抗生素,本文就其作用机制、药代动力学、用法与用量、临床应用、不良反应以及耐药机制等作一概要介绍。 中国论文网 /6/viewhtm 关键词 多黏菌素类抗生素 抗菌药物 多耐药革兰阴性菌 中图分类号:R978.16 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2015)23-0003-05 Polymyxins MENG Xianmin1*, DONG Ping1, ZHANG Yongxin2** (1. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China; 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China) ABSTRACT With antibacterial agents being used in clinical practice widely, the countless lives of patients were saved. However, effective drugs for the resistant strains are very limited because the variance and drug-resistance of bacteria have been becoming more and more serious, especially the emergence and increase of multiple drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant strains. Polymyxins, due to its good antibacterial effect, is regarded as a last choice for the treatment of the bacterial infection caused by multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. In recent years, the frequency of the use of polymyxins has been gradually increased at home and abroad. In order to help the medical staff to further understand and better use polymyxins, its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, usage and dosage, clinical application, adverse reaction and resistant mechanism are reviewed in this paper. KEY WORDS polymyxins; antibacterial agents; multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria 多黏菌素(又称黏菌素)类抗生素是从多黏芽孢杆菌培养液中分离出的一类多肽类抗生素,有多黏菌素A、B、C、D、E 5种,获准临床应用的是多黏菌素B和E的硫酸盐和甲磺酸盐。多黏菌素类抗生素于20世纪40年代后期被开发上市,主要用于革兰阴性菌、尤其是铜绿假单胞菌所致感染的治疗。由于此类抗生素的抗菌谱窄、肾和神经毒性较明显,加之20世纪80年代后一些新的广谱抗菌药物如第三代头孢菌素类、碳青霉烯类抗生素等的出现和应用,其使用逐渐被限制至仅可用于多耐药革兰阴性菌引起的导管相关性肺炎和肺囊性纤维症等治疗[1]。不过,近年来由于多耐药革兰阴性菌感染的广泛流行、尤其是耐碳青霉烯类抗生素菌株的出现,多黏菌
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