云南山地胶园配方肥示范推广.docVIP

云南山地胶园配方施肥示范推广 　　摘 要 为提高配方肥在云南植胶区的覆盖率和到位率，打破技术推广“最后一公里”的“坚冰”，在云垦江城橡胶公司建立橡胶树配方施肥示范区7 220 hm2，通过3年的示范，干胶净增产率达22.5%，单位面积净增产干胶326.6 kg/hm2，示范区增产干胶2 133.8 t，产生经济效益2 546.0万元。在云南主要植胶区的11个橡胶农场推广施用橡胶树配方肥8.61万hm2，橡胶干胶产量平均提高9.74%，增产干胶9 756.07 t，共新增产值1.46亿元，提高了橡胶树对症施肥的效果。 中国论文网 /1/viewhtm 　　关键词 云南 ；橡胶园 ；山地 ；配方肥 ；示范推广 　　分类号 S147.5；S749.1 Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.03.001 　　Abstract A field experiment was conducted to improve the rate of formula fertilizer and break the ice of technical promotion. Rubber fertilizer demonstration area of 7 220 hm2 was established in Jiangcheng rubber company. Through three years of demonstration， the dry rubber as net production rate was 22.5%， and the net production of dry rubber was 326.6 kg/hm2. Dry rubber yield was 2133.8 tons， and the economic benefit was 25.46 million Yuan in Demonstration area. Rubber formula fertilizer was promoted the application of 1.291 3 million mu in 11 farms of Yunnan rubber plantation. The results also indicated that the production rate of dry rubber yield was increased averagely 9.74%， dry rubber yield was 9 756.07 tons， and the economic benefit was 146 million Yuan in Demonstration area. Rubber formula fertilizer improved fertilization effect， provided the technical support to achieve the efficient use of the rubber plantation nutrient. We will not only research new efficient environmental protection fertilizer through the combination of formula fertilizer and controlled release technology in future， but also innovate its promotion mode in order to realize rapid spread and promotion of new fertilization technology. 　　Keywords Yunnan ； rubber plantation ； mountain ； formulated fertilizer ； demonstration and extension 　　天然橡胶是一种重要的战略资源。云南是中国第一大天然橡胶生产基地，截止2014年底，云南省植胶面积已达57.10万hm2，其中开割胶园面积28.12万hm2。合理施肥是橡胶树速生、高产、稳产的重要技术措施之一。橡胶树配方施肥技术，是运用营养诊断及早发现所亏缺的营养元素，及时补充肥料，促进橡胶树的快速生长，增加胶乳产量和提高品质；同时可以减少施肥次数，提高肥料利用率，保护生态环境。 　　早在19世纪40年代，国外就开始了橡胶树营养诊断方面的研究[1]；中国的橡胶树营养诊断工作始于60年代，并得到快速发展[2]；90年代，在营养诊断指导施肥的基础上开