社会转型的护佑者美国黑幕揭发运动百年祭【论文精品】.docVIP

社会转型的护佑者美国黑幕揭发运动百年祭免费硕士博士论文论文天下======================================================================摘 要：黑幕揭发运动是20世纪初美国从农业社会到工业社会的转型刚刚完成之际发生的一场大规模社会运动，其中一批有志于社会改革和社会正义的作家/新闻工作者即“黑幕揭发者”，利用当时已经大众化的传媒——期刊，以深度的解析和犀利的言论抨击了伴随社会转型而来的种种不公和腐败现象，与政界、商界和知识界的其他进步力量一起，通过激活公众舆论、促使民众觉醒和支持立法等方式，抑制了社会达尔文主义思潮，避免了可能出现的社会失序，进而巩固了生产力发展的成果和既有的社会体制。黑幕揭发运动历时不久，然而它的影响的深广度是新闻和文学史界上罕见的，它在动荡而复杂的社会变革中帮助国人形成共识，为最终完成社会转型进行了全民族的心理调适。黑幕揭发报道也成为美国当今威力最为强大的新闻舆论监督样式——调查性报道的先声。借鉴黑幕揭发运动的经验教训，对于构想和设计中国新闻/大众传播新体制，使之有效担当转型期的社会守望者和社会雷达的角色，在这场运动百年之后仍有不可忽视的价值。 关键词：黑幕揭发、社会转型、舆论监督、社会正义 Escort of Social Transition: the Contribution of Muckraking Abstract: Muckraking was a massive social movement occurring in the beginning of the 20th century when America had just realized industrialization. Between 1902 and about 1915, the Muckrakers, writers/journalists who devoted themselves to social reform and social justice, using massified media—magazine，intensively and critically exposed various kinds of injustice and corruption resulting from the social transition. And by way of cultivating public opinion, awaking common people and supporting legislation, they restrained social Darwinism, helped avoid possible social disorders and strengthen the results of productive development and established institutions together with the progressive forces in politics, business and the intelligentsia. Though Muckraking lasted only a dozen of years or so, its extent of influence was rare in the history of both literature and journalism, and it helped Americans reach agreement and conducted psychological harmony for the accomplishment of transformation of a nation. Modern investigative reporting is evolved from the Muckraking articles. It is beneficial for us to draw lessons of Muckraking in the constructing of new system of news/mass communication fit for China’s modernization. Key Words: Muckraking, social transition, watchdog role of media, social justice 引 言 黑幕揭发运动是20世纪初美国从农业社会到工业社会的转型刚刚完成之际发生的一场改革运动，其中一批有志于社会改革和社会正义的作家/新闻工作者利用当时已经大