初中英语组应丽.doc

Frames --- hold up all the walls and roofs支架的搭建——提高语言输出的准确度 英语组 应丽外国语教材《综合英语》第2册第3单元里有个句子是A frame holds up the walls and the roofs. 其实在教学里，老师应尽量多提供学生frames，使得这些frames能让学生支撑起语言知识的walls and roofs。课堂教学上各种支架的搭建能有效促进英语学习。因为学生在学习过程中一般是沿着从已知到未知，从简单到复杂，从生疏到熟练的顺序进行的，所以循序渐进原则也是学生认识规律的反映。尤其对于学习能力并非优秀的学生，给予支架无异于提供登楼之梯。2011年参加了市三坛培训活动，有幸听到了温州市小学教研员《根植在小学英语教研的土壤里》的讲座，沈雨老师例举的课堂教学上各种支架的搭建令人受益匪浅。例：搭建比较级教学的支架1. 老师在黑板上画出一长的红色尺与一短的黄色尺，导出：The red ruler is longer than the yellow one.The yellow ruler is shorter than the red one.2. 老师在黑板上画出一大的白色圆与一小的红色圆,The white ball is bigger than the red one.The red ball is smaller than the white one. （图1） （图2）3. 老师在黑板上加画一个天平，球在天平上（如图1）， The white ball is heavier than the red one. The red ball is lighter than the white one.于是顺利导出：heavier lighter再将黑板上的图画稍做改动（如图2）, There are two pigs. One is named Piggy Johnny. The other is named Piggy Tommy. Can you say something about Piggy Johnny and Piggy Tommy, using the sentence “… is ___er than …”Ss (Pair work) 做巩固练习Piggy Johnny is ______ than Piggy Tommy.Piggy Tommy is ______ than Piggy Johnny.引导学生学习、说出其他的词，如：thinner; cleverer; smarter; lovelier; prettier; stronger; fatter; more delicious。学生在教师指导下复习更多形容词，掌握其比较级并归类，为拓展运用作铺垫 。这支架的搭建过程，简单明了，又切合语法运用实际，达到了使语言输出更加精准的目标。又如小学里的儿歌训练英语词汇的支架搭建：学生有了老师给予的支架帮助，会很轻松地搭建语言知识。在初中教学里我们也可以运用相同的支架搭建方法。课例：GFI 八上 U5 本课主要学习电视节目种类的词汇；语言功能是: Talk about preferences; make plans；句型结构: to do (infinitives used as objects) 熟练掌握：What do you think of talk shows? (Responses)支架一：抽象的词汇直接呈现(main, common) 为提高课堂效率，部分抽象词汇以中文呈现作为支架，使得学习能力欠佳的学生能快速接受。导入本课主题For the young, the old, (men and women), watching TV is one of the main activities. (the most common activity) 支架二：解决学生最易混淆、出错的人称代词用法（it, they; it, them）Get the students to practice: I love Happy Camp. It’s (interesting; exciting ---) I love _______. It’s _______. I like game shows. They are great.I _____