00 A Discourse on Literature《典论·论文》.pptVIP

文人相輕，自古而然。傅毅之于班固，伯仲之閑耳，而固小之，與弟超書曰：“武仲以能屬文，為蘭台令史，下筆不能自休。” Literary men disparage one another – it’s always been that way. The relation between Fu Yi and Ban Gu was nothing less than the relation of a younger brother to an elder brother. Yet Ban Gu belittled him, writing in a letter to his elder brother Ban Chao: “ Wu-zhong (Fu Yi) became Imperial Librarian through his facility in composition: whenever he used his writing brush, he couldn’t stop himself. People are good at making themselves known; but since literature is not of one form alone, few can be good at everything. Thus each person disparages that in which he is weak by the criterion of those things in which he is strong. There is a village saying: “The worn-out broom that belongs to my own household is worth a thousand in gold.” Such is the ill consequence of a lack of self-awareness. 今之文人，魯國孔融文舉，廣陵陳琳孔璋，山陽王粲仲宣，北海徐幹偉長，陳留阮瑀元瑜，汝南應瑒德璉，東平劉楨公幹：斯七子者，於學無所遺，於辭無所假，鹹以自騁驥騄於千里，仰齊足而並馳。以此相服，亦良難矣。 The literary men of this day are Kong Rong, called Wenju， of the state of Lu; Chen Lin, called Kongzhang, of Guang-ling ; Wang Can, called Zhongxuan, of Shanyang; Xu Gan, called Weichang, of Beihai; Ruan Yu, called Yuanyu, of Chenliu; Ying Chang, called Delian, of Runan; and Liu Zhen, called Gonggan, of Dongping. These seven masters have omitted nothing in their learning, have no borrowed colors in their diction. Yet they have found it most difficult to all gallop together a thousand leagues, side by side with equal pace on their mighty steeds, and thus to pay one another due respect. 蓋君子審己以度人，故能免於斯累而作論文。 A superior person examines himself to measure others; and thus he is able to avoid such entanglements [e. g., envy and blindness to the worth of others]. Thus I have written a discourse on literature. 王粲長於辭賦，徐幹時有奇氣，然粲之匹也。如粲之《初征》《登樓》《槐賦》《征思》，幹之《玄猿》《漏巵》《圓扇》《橘賦》，雖張、蔡不過也。然于他文未能稱是。琳、瑀之章表書記，今之雋也。 Wang Can excels in poetic expositions (fu); even though Xu Gan at times shows languid qi, still he is Wang Can’s match. Even Zhang Heng a