外研版 Book 1 Module 4 现在完成时.docVIP

现在完成时一、现在完成时的构成形式：现在完成时由助动词have / has +过去分词构成。二、现在完成时的用法：1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, recently, ever, never, before, so far, up to now, till now等连用。2. 表示从过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for，since，in the past / last + 时间段，in recent years, all one’s life等连用。注意：①表示短暂意义的（短语）动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要用相应的表示延续状态的（短语）动词替换，常见的有：leave → be away, borrow → keep, buy → have, begin / start → be on, die → be dead, move to → live in, finish / end → be over, join → be in / be a member of, fall ill / asleep → be ill / asleep, get up → be up, catch a cold → have a cold, marry → be married, come / arrive here → be here。②表示短暂意义的动词的完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ivan has not come to school for two days.三、以下结构常用现在完成时：1. This / It is the first / second / 其他序数词 / last time + that从句，从句用现在完成时。如：It is the first time that I have been to this beautiful mountain village.2. This / It is (one of) + 形容词最高级 + n. + that从句，从句用现在完成时，如：This is the most gorgeous architecture that I have ever seen.四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：1. John lived in Paris for 3 years.2. John has lived in Paris for 3 years.这两个句子中都有时间状语for 3 years，但却使用了不同的时态。句1表示过去的动作（居住）在过去延续了多长时间（三年），live这一动作和现在没有关系，故用一般过去时；句2表示从过去开始的动作（居住）延续至今，甚至还可能继续持续下去，故用现在完成时。【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。1. This is the first time that ______________ (我参观这个动物园).2. I ______________ (我从未见过) such a high building.3. ______________ (你去过) the Summer Palace?4. Jim ______________ (离开家) for two and a half years.答案【即学即练】1. I have visited the zoo?2. have never seen?3. Have you ever been to4. has been away from his home