美国大学宿舍前世今生.docVIP

美国大学宿舍前世今生 　　从最初庄严肃穆的象牙塔式的宿舍楼，到如今弥漫着奢华之风的学生公寓，美国大学宿舍经历了翻天覆地的变化。现在，就随本文一起循着历史的足迹，来探寻美国大学宿舍的前世今生。 　　 　　From the monastic rooms of the world’s first campuses to today’s luxury residence halls, let’s examine the ever-changing ways that students live. 　　Student Seclusion 　　Before the information superhighway, schools were built around massive libraries, like the 400-year-old Bodleian Library1 at the University of Oxford in Britain. Early dorms were imposing, monastic structures meant to separate students from the outside world, providing more privacy for classes and introspection2 . This concept of the Ivory Tower3 lasted for decades. “If you look at the dorms of the Harvard Yard, the windows and doors are all on the yard side,” says Jonathan Zimmerman, director of the New York University’s History of Education Program. “Basically, what you see from the outside is a wall.” 　　Posters Pin-ups4 　　Traditionally, residence halls were occupied by male students who were forced to adhere to strict dress codes, compulsory chapel services, curfews5 and even fitness regimens6 Until the 1830s, Harvard students were required to purchase, chop and haul their own firewood back to the dorms. Dorm mothers enforced the rules, and executed a strict “lights-out” policy. Eventually, restrictions loosened and posters and pin-ups became standard dorm decor ―a racy way to compensate for the lack of female presence. 　　Dorm Espionage7 　　In the 1940s, with most of the country’s college-age men serving in World War II, more women began applying to universities―and getting accepted. Female-only dorms were erected, and if early rules for male students seemed harsh, the university guidelines for female co-eds8 were draconian9. Women were not allowed in male dorm rooms at any time, and curfews continued to dictate their movements around campus until well into the 1960s. But students found creative ways to skirt these restrictions; some sent messages to the opposite sex via Morse Code10 in th