医院儿科小儿呼吸疾病.ppt

Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the tracheobronchial epithelium . Trachea is usually involved，so acute bronchitis is also called ‘acute tracheobronchitis’. Acute bronchitis is commonly secondary to an acute viral infection, or just one manifestation of acute infectious disease. Acute Bronchitis Infectious factors：viral, bacterial or other pathogen infections Characters of respiratory tract of infants: The mucous become edema and hyperemia which make the bronchus narrower when inflammation. Other factors：immunodeficiency, nutritional diseases, specific body constitution. Etiology Clinical Manifestation Begins as an URI Cough is a significant signs nonproductive cough→ productive The systemic symptoms is usually severe in infants including fever, vomiting and diarrhea Medical examination： Respiratory rudeness Diffuse or scattered rales No dyspnea CXR : may be normal or thickening lung markings Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the major conducting airways within the lung which caused by viral or bacteria, and is most often in infants. Cough is the most significant clinical manifestation. Fever, vomiting and diarrhea are frequent in infants. Respiratory sounds are rough and scattered rales are heard on auscultation. Radiographic examination of the chest may show a mild increase in bronchovascular markings. Antibiotics are indicated if a bacterial infection of the airway is suspected or proven. Corticosteroids are recommended in severe cases. Summary Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lungs. Most cases of pneumonia are caused by microorgnanisms, but there are several noninfectious causes, which include aspiration of food or gastric acid, foreign bodies and so on. Acute Pneumonia Season of onset Age of onset Morbidity rate Mortality rate Epidemiology Classified according to the infecting organism: Viral pneumonia, bacterial Pneumonia, mycoplasma Pneumonia. Classifie