牙菌斑与生物膜.pptVIP

两种葡聚糖比较 水溶性葡聚糖 又称 主要糖苷键 分子结构 分子分支程度 右旋糖苷 α- 1, 6 低 线型 高 交链 水不溶性葡聚糖（变聚糖） 左旋糖苷 α- 1, 3 (P. 67) Dental Caries results from localized demineralization of tooth enamel by acids of bacterial origin produced from the fermentation of dietary sugars. 粪肠球菌 (Enterococcus faecalis) 菌落形态(A)以及革兰染色镜下观(B) p20 罗氏菌(Rothia) 革兰染色镜下形态 p21 奈瑟菌属(Neisseria) 菌落形态与镜下观 p22 韦荣菌(Veillonella) 菌落形态以及革兰染色镜下观 p23 乳杆菌(Lactobacillus) 菌落形态以及 革兰染色镜下观 p24 棒杆菌(Corynebacterium) 革兰染色镜下形态 p25 放线菌(Actinomyces) 革兰染色镜下形态 p25 * * * * * Bacteria begin to colonize an infants oral cavity during birth and succession of bacteria in the mouth continues throughout life. The earliest organisms which can be isolated from the mouth during the first few weeks after birth are predominantly Streptococcus and include Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus salivarius. During the first months of life the flora becomes more complex, with anaerobic bacteria such as Veillonella and Prevotella (Bacteroides) being included in the community. Tooth eruption has a major impact on the composition of the oral flora, including S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces species and the numbers and types of anaerobic bacteria that can be isolated also increase. The flora becomes more complex until it reaches relative stability in young adults. However, the numbers of a specific organism in an individual can vary, and habitat can be unique to the host. Loss of teeth to the edentulous state results in a loss of microenvironments in the mouth and reduction in the complexity of the flora.牙齿缺失至无牙状态，导致口腔微环境的丢失和菌丛复杂性的减少。 牙菌斑的分类 龈上菌斑 Supragingival plaque 光滑牙面菌斑 点隙裂沟菌斑 龈下菌斑 Subgingival plaque 附着性龈下菌斑 非附着性龈下菌斑 Classification 牙石Dental calculus (calcified plaque) A: survey of dental plaque situated within a deep, narrow fissure of a premolar B: the upper half of the fissure is filled with dark material, the lower half is les dense C: Higher magnification reveals a plaque