JiangDi江荻-北京大学中国语言学研究中心.PPTVIP

Offset variances for 4 groups * * * * 尔雅词汇形式证明 汉语曾是多音节词语言 Di Jiang Institute of Ethnology Anthropology, CASS 中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 Chinese was a polysyllabic-word language proved by Er-Ya vocabulary Topics 汉语很奇怪 Is Chinese curious over the world? 尔雅的名物词现象 the Mingwu words in ErYa 假说：汉语早期是多音节词语言 Hypothesis: Chinese was a polysyllabic-word language 抑扬词格模式及模式演化：达让语 the iambic pattern and its change: Example of Darang language 尔雅普通词的单音节化 monosyllabization in Er-Ya 尔雅名物词的专有名词性质及遗存 the particular proper name in Er-Ya and their survival 结语：早期汉语多音节词的证据 Mingwu words as the evidence of polysyllabic words in early Chinese Is Chinese surprising in word structures? Only Chinese and other languages in Southeast area are monosyllabic-word languages. Is Chinese a monster over the world languages? 纵观世界语言，仅有汉语为代表的东亚和东南亚语言为单音节词语言，难道汉语是世界语林中独生的怪胎吗？ * 这个问题涉及古代至现代汉语的各领域研究 为什么汉语缺乏形态（孤立语，语序重要）？ 为什么汉语以复合法构词为主（词法和句法一致）？ 为什么汉语感知以声韵母为单位（而不是元辅音）？ 为什么汉语需要声调（声调语言）？ 为什么汉字数千年来一脉相承，未走“形-意-音”发展道路？ When did Chinese begin? 现代科学界共识的观点是： 世界各地人群都是走出非洲的现代人后裔。 如果要证明汉语是走出非洲现代人带来的语言之后代语言，就得证明汉语并非自古就是单音节型语言。 If the hypothesis is that Chinese is a descendant language of modern human from Africa, it is necessary to prove its polysyllabic form far before Jiaguwen era (inscriptions on bones of the Shang Dynasty). * ExampleEr-Ya 《尔雅》共计19篇。 前3篇“释诂”“释言”“释训”注解普通词语， 后16篇解释名物词。 * Comparison of common words and Mingwu words “释诂”举例： 如、适、之、嫁、徂、逝，往也。 赉、贡、锡、畀、予、贶，赐也。 舒、业、顺，叙也。 “释草”举例： 萧，萩。 蒮，山韭。 购，蔏蒌。 茢，勃茢。 鵹黃，楚雀。 薢茩，芵茪 荨，海藻。 Common words in ErYa “释诂”双音节被释词仅占5.6%， “释言”双音节被释词仅占0.7%， 训释词1项（“畯，农夫也”）。 “释训”多为叠音词 The Chinese common words in pre-Qin days are monosyllabic. * Mingwu words in ErYa(1) “草木虫鱼鸟”：被释词单音节词多 * Mingwu words in ErYa(2) “草木虫鱼鸟