agreement英语语法.pdfVIP

Subject-verb Concord 主谓一致 一、 主谓一致：指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系。 二、 三种原则：语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近原则 1、语法一致：主要表现在数的形式上——主语中心词是复数动词用复数形式；主 语中心词是单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。 e.g. Both boys have their own merits. Few students are really lazy. Each boy has his own book. Every girl comes on time. 2 、意义一致原则：有时主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义。 e.g. The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen. . The old _____ (be) being taken good care of there. . The young ___ (be) the hope of our country. 3、就进原则：有时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词的单复数形式。 Either my brothers or my father is coming. Only one out of five were present. No one except his own supporters agree with him. 三、以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 1、有些疾病名称（arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎rickets 腮腺炎diabetes 糖尿 病）用单数。Arthritis is a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body. 2 、表示游戏名称的名词常做单数用 Darts(投镖游戏) is essentially a free and easy game. 但也有一些游戏名称作复数用。Cards are not allowed here. 3、以-ics 结尾的学科名称用单数（physics, mathematics, politics, economics, athletics ） 但这些词表示学科以外的意义时作复数用。 Athletics (体育运动) have been greatly promoted at this college. 4 、以-s 结尾的地理名称: 国名（the United States, the United Nations ）——单数 群岛，山脉，海峡， 瀑布——复数（the West India 西印度群岛， the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉， the Straits of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡） 5、其他：scissors 剪子pincers 钳子glasses 眼镜shorts 短裤trousers 裤子suspenders 吊带裤，这些词假如不带“一副”“一把”“一条”等单位词而单独使用——复数 Joe’s new trousers are black and white. A pair of shoes costs 5 dollars. 四、以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题。 集体名词 family, team, class, group, government, enemy, company, committee 等 被看作一个主题时, 谓语动词用单数. 如看作一个个成员, 谓语动词用复数. 集体名词 people , police 只当复数用, 谓语动必须要用复数 . The police are searching for the thief. Machinery, equipment, merchandise 商品——单数 Audience, committee, class, family, public 等词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词 A committee of/ a panel of / a board of +复数名词——单数 五、并列短语作主语 1、And/both…and…——复数 但（ham and egg, bread and butt