国际经济学 黄敏 第二篇.ppt

New Classical Theories of International Trade International Economics Chapter 2 Chapter 2 New Classical Theories of International Trade 2.1 Specific Factor Model 2.2 Factor Endowment Theory (H-O Model) 2.3 Other New Classical Theories 2.4 Leontief Paradox 2.1 Specific Factor Model The specific factor model is to analyze the effect of a change in commodity price on the returns of factors in a country when at least one factor is not mobile between industries. It indicates that workers may be better or worse off, depending on preferences; It predicts that owners of factors used in export industries gain from trade, while owners of factors used in import-competing industries will lose from trade. 2.1 Specific Factor Model specific factor Its use is specific to either the production of machines or the production of cloth and cannot move between industries. Such as capital in the model. mobile factor It can move between machine production and cloth production over time. Such as labor in the model. 2.1 Specific Factor Model DM : the machine industry’s demand for labor. DC : the cloth industry’s demand for labor W0 : equilibrium wage, which occurs when OL labor is employed in the machine industry and O’L labor is employed in the cloth industry. As the demand for labor in the machine industries increases, the wage rate rises and workers move from the cloth industries to the machine industries. 2.1 Specific Factor Model The existence of specific factors can help explain why some groups resist free trade. In general, owners of the abundant factor of production in a country should be in favor of free trade. However, both capital and labor in the industry with a comparative disadvantage suffer losses and may well resist free trade. Chapter 2 New Classical Theories of International Trade 2.1 Specific Factor Model 2.2 Factor Endowment Theory (H-O Model) 2.3 Other New Classical Theories 2.4 Leontief Paradox 2.2 Factor Endowment Theory (H-O Model) The Ricar