失能性毒剂 ppt课件.pptxVIP

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失能性毒剂 ppt课件

Chapter 5 ;;失能性毒剂简称失能剂,是一类暂时使人员丧失战斗能力的化学战剂。中毒后主要引起精神活动异常和躯体功能障碍,一般不引起永久性或致死性伤害。;呼吸道吸入,作用强; 改变中枢神经系统的调节功能或促使神经生理功能失调; 有较大的安全比; 作用时间持续数小时至数天; 理化性质稳定,能大量生产,价格低廉。;用 途;? 16世纪的“牛角” →麦角菌→麦角酸 ? 南美仙人掌的芽 ? 亚马逊河流域的毒蘑菇 ? 俄罗斯和我国西藏地区的毒蝇菌 ? 野荔枝的果仁 ? 变质粮食作物;hallucinogenic plants;Psychoactive mushrooms--psilocybin mushrooms ;The use of chemicals to induce altered states of mind dates to antiquity and includes the use of plants such as thornapple (Datura stramonium, 曼陀罗) that contain combinations of anticholinergic alkaloids. ;600 BC: Solon hellobore roots throw into river diarrhea 200 BC: Carthaginians Mandragora-laced wine narcosis;184 BC: Hannibal belladonna alkaloids disorientation 1500s and 1600s: Moslems Harnish (以印度大麻提炼的麻药) used on own troops to foster fearlessness 1908: 200 French soldiers poisoned with Hyoscyamus falezlez delirious and hallucinations in Hanoi;2. Representatives: BZ LSD;失能剂的分类与主要代表;精神失能剂 (psychic incapacitating agents) : 中毒后可引起精神错乱,知觉、情感和思维活动的障碍。;中枢抑制剂 (central nervous system depressant ): 能降低或阻断中枢神经系统的活动,干扰突触间的信息传递。;中枢兴奋剂 (central nervous system stimulant ): 可使那些原来不易通过某些突触的神经冲动容易传导过去,致使过多的信号“涌进”了皮层和其他高级中枢。 ;躯体失能剂 (Somatic incapacitating agents) : 是指暂时地破坏身体某方面正常功能的化合物,如引起瘫痪、直立性低血压、体温调节障碍、呕吐、失明、震颤等症状,使人员暂时失去或降低战斗力。 ;List of Chemical Warfare Agents (from SIPRI): Incapacitating agents;Structure of BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate);白色或微黄色粉末(熔点165-166?C,沸点300?C),无特殊气味,不溶于水,与HCl等作用生成盐易溶于水。 遇热较稳定:毒烟罐。 水解很慢,可造成水源长期染毒。染毒水需经蒸馏—吸附剂处理后才能饮用。 挥发度小,加热加压加碱(三加)方可加速破坏。;? Usually be used in the battlefield in the form of toxic smoke via evaporation or aerosol via explosion (加热蒸发法产生毒烟或爆炸成气溶胶吸入中毒). ? Expensive, difficulty in production. ? Uneven scattering in the battlefield (野战条件播散不均匀).;4. Toxicity ;? The amount required to produce effects is a thousand or more fold less than a fatal dose of the compound. ? BZ affects your ability to remember, solve problems, pay attention, and

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