弱者的权利与尊严——一种人权的“法与社会”分析-the rights and dignity of the weak - an analysis of.docx

之所以进行这种类比是可以用定量的方法来测量权利状况，用定性的方法来认识尊严。当我们对人进行人权的“法与社会”研究时，必然会涉及到方法论问题和本体论问题的混合，方法论问题涉及的是如何最恰当地得出关于人的结论，本体论问题涉及的是我们在最本原的位置看到的是什么。在这一方面，现象学与数字本体论的研究方法无疑对于我们是有所启迪的。在这个领域，通过探讨韦伯、胡塞尔的现象学研究方法以及涂尔干在《自杀论》中所采取的数字本体论思路无疑将会对后续的研究产生帮助。全文研究结论指出，我们需要处理好能力、物质、权利和尊严四者关系的平衡；缩小贫富差距，分别对待贫困者、先富者的不同需求，减少贫富对立；纠正“以利为本”态度，真正实现“以人为本”原则；以能力公平实现机会公平，落实具有中国特色的“反歧视行动”。为此，需要构建权利本位之上的尊严观，使人权保障更加完整、充分。关键词：弱者；弱势群体；人权；尊严；权利；义务；矢量3AbstractItisindeedasocialissuethattheweakdoesexists.Itis,also,theobjectivefactneedtobeconfrontedwith,andthepremiseofinstitutionaldesignandoperationoflaw.Legalresearches,giventheearlieremphasisonfinancialpovertyasthecharacteroftheweak,shouldshifttheirperspectivesintopovertyofrightsodeeperunderstandingoftheweakcanbegained.Thischangewillaswellleadusintothereflectiononsocialinstitution,whileremindingthatthedemandformoralorder,thatistheelevationofhumandignity,needtobeputforwardinthewayjustasthedemandforprincipleofrights.Anddignityistheveryspiritofhumanrights.So,undertheminimalsocialagreement,therationalsocialinstitutionwillbeneededtorespectforcapacityofhumanandtopreservehumanrightandhumandignity,otherwiseeveryonewillhavechancetobecometheweak.Thisarticleiscomposedbysixparts:introduction,“therecognitionoftheweak”,“humanrightscoordinateoftheweak”,“realizedignitybyholdingrights”,“onthevectorialsetofhumanrights”andconclusion.Theintroductionstatesbrieflythattheweakinasociety,givenitsuniversalityexistsinvariousperiodsandplaces,havereceivedattentionsfromresearchersinfieldssuchaseconomicsandsociology,whilebecomingthecoreconceptofthesefields.Theseeffectshavediscussedhowtoprovidetheweakthesocialsupportinlivingquality,economicissue,socialresources,marketcompetition.However,titleslike“theweak”usuallyaretakenintocontrastivesceneconsistedbythestrongersideandweakerside,causingexpansionofextensionoftheweakandcontagionofsocalled“mentalityofdisadvantage”.Forhumanissuchaaggregationmadebymultiplefactors,andonemancanhaveadvantagesincertainfiledwhilehavingdisadvantagesintherest,itisdifficultforustoide