深空红外目标场景的建模与仿真技术分析-modeling and simulation analysis of deep space infrared target scene.docxVIP

国 防科学技 国 防科学技 术大学研 究生院学 位论文 VII VII 摘 要 在研制新型红外成像系统或研究目标检测识别算法时，需用大量不同状态的红外图 像进行测试、训练和评估。然而，外场实拍要耗费很长的时间和大量的人力物力，严重 影响研制进度与效率，红外成像仿真技术则为解决这类问题提供了一种极为经济、有效 的途径。 本文深入研究了深空背景条件下红外目标场景的建模与仿真技术，研究内容涉及传 热学、惯性技术、红外物理、信号处理、建模与仿真等多门学科，具有较大的挑战性与 探索性，所做主要工作如下： 1. 根据传热学原理建立空间目标的热模型，利用节点热网络法求解出空间目标的表 面温度分布，然后计算目标与背景的红外辐射，并进行量化和显示。 2. 根据探测器平台的姿态运动、探测器与目标之间的相对运动，建立运动目标成像 位置模型，计算出目标视线角与成像位置。 3. 建立探测器自身效应模型，包括光学弥散、探测器噪声、成像阵列盲元等，同时 分析了红外探测器的作用距离及目标的成像尺寸，最后得到空间目标不同成像状 态的图像。 4. 根据红外探测器采集的实际图像对仿真图像进行了校验与可信度评估。 本文完整的仿真模拟了空间目标在红外探测器上的成像过程，同时考虑了多种因素 的影响，得到的仿真图像具有很高的真实性与逼真度，部分模型与方法已应用于某空间 飞行系统信息处理算法的测试场景生成。 关键词：红外图像仿真；空间目标；红外辐射；目标成像位置；探测器效应；模型校验 VIII VIII ABSTRACT While developing infrared imaging system or researching the algorithm of target detecting and recognition, abundance of different infrared images are necessary for testing, training and evaluation. However, real images got from the outfield need a great deal of time, manpower and material resources, which would influence the efficiency and rate of progress. Infrared imaging simulation can solve this problem as an economical and efficient method. In this paper, the modeling and simulation of the infrared scenes of the space target is deeply analyzed, several reseach fields are involved, such as thermal exchange theory、inertia technology、infrared physics、signal pocessing、modelingsimulation and so on, which would be a great challenge. The main work of this paper is as follows: Firstly, based on the thermal exchange theory, the thermal model of the space target is established and the distribution of its surface temperature is calculated by using the thermal network method; and then, the infrared radiation of the target and the environment is deduced, which would be transferred into gray scale. Secondly, the motion model is discussed, the pose changes of the detector and the relative movements of the target are taken into account, moreover, the imaging position of the target is calculated. Thirdly, the inherent effects of the det