石煤矿提钒绿色工艺的基础分析-basic analysis of green technology for vanadium extraction in shishi coal mine.docxVIP

existencestateandsolubilityofvanadiuminaqueoussolutionwasstudied.Existencestateofvanadiuminaqueoussolutionisextremelyperplexing,andunderthecondition2ofhighpotentialandlowpH,vanadiumexistsontheformVO+orVO2+inaqueoussolution.(2)Calcineisleachedinsolutionofsulfuricacidsolutionandoptimizationofleachingconditionhasbeenconfirmedas:liquid-solidratiois3:1,amountofsulfuricacidsolutionis2mol/L,leachingtimeis7h,leachingtemperatureis100℃,theleachingratecouldreach90.32%.Theefficiencyoftheremovalrateforharmfulimpurityionsinacidleachingsolutionwasstudiedbyexperimentwhichusedhydrogenperoxideandcupferronwereusedasscreeningagentandagentforremovingimpurities.Theresultsindicatethatwhenthehydrogenperoxideandthevanadiuminthesolutionareinamassratiooffifteen，cupferron(1g/L)andtheacidleachingsolutionareinavolumetricratioof1:8andthepHofthesolutionis7,arelativelythoroughremovalofharmfulimpuritiescanberealized，withthevanadiumlossbeingonly16.82％,satisfyingtherequirementofthedownstreamvanadiumextraction．TheprecipitationofvanadiumAmmoniumpolyvanadiumployvanadatecanbedirectlyprecipitatedthroughaddingammoniumchloride.Inthe25g/Lofvanadiumsolution,theoptimumtechnologicalconditionofprecipitatingvanadiumweredeterminestobe:pH=5,coeffcientofammonificationK=2.5,temperature90℃temperature80℃andtime120min.Theprecipitationrateofvanadiumwas99.22%andretrievingratewashigherthan80%.Afterroasted,thepurityrateofproductswas98.5%andtheywereachievednationalstandard(GB3283-87).Keywords:StoneCoal,Microwave-roasting,CompoundAdditive,ChemicalPrecipitation,GreenVanadiumRecoveryProcess1绪论1.1钒的发现钒是一种高熔点的稀有金属，是一种非常宝贵的战略资源。钒最早于1801年被墨西哥科学家安德列斯·曼努尔·德·里欧(AndresmanueldelRio)在奇马潘矿床的铅矿试样中发现的，但当时他把它误认为铬的化合物。1830年，瑞典化学家尼尔斯·加布里埃尔·塞夫斯特瑞姆（NilsGabrielSeftstorm)在用铁矿做试验时重新发现了钒，同年弗里德里希·维勒证实了德·里欧的发现。鉴于钒衍生物的色泽绚丽，他以日耳曼神话中美丽女神维纳丽斯(Vanadis)的名字将该元素命名为钒(Vanadium)[1]。1867年亨利·英弗尔德·罗斯科用氢还原亚氯酸化钒(Ⅲ)首次得到了纯的钒。高纯度的钒(99.7%)1925年由美国的两位化学家比尔德(Beard)和克鲁斯(Crooks)得到，纯金属钒是用钙在钢制容器内还原五氧化二钒的方法制得的，得到的金属钒微粒洗涤后于真空炉中熔成块，如此获得的金属含99.99%的钒[2-3]。1.2钒的理化性质和用途1.2.1钒的理化性质金属钒(