模型目的内生变数行为法则.PPT

Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* The Economics of Dumping Price discrimination The practice of charging different customers different prices. Dumping—Price Discrimination Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* 模型目的。 內生變數：決定模型兩軸。 行為法則：畫出模型曲線。 均衡：決定均衡之內生變數。 外生衝擊 判斷是否為外生變數改變？ 判斷此外生變數之改變將影響哪些行為法則？ 判斷此外生變數之改變造成行為法則何種影響？ 學習經濟模型五步驟 模型目的。 內生變數 行為法則 Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* ｑ1 P1 market 1 D1 ｑ2 P2 market 2 D2 Q P 水平加總 D MR1 MR2 MR MC QM Price Discrimination Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* 模型目的。 內生變數：決定模型兩軸。 行為法則：畫出模型曲線。 均衡：決定均衡之內生變數。 外生衝擊 判斷是否為外生變數改變？ 判斷此外生變數之改變將影響哪些行為法則？ 判斷此外生變數之改變造成行為法則何種影響？ 學習經濟模型五步驟 均衡 Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* q1* q2* ｑ1 P1 market 1 D1 ｑ2 P2 market 2 D2 Q P 水平加總 D MR1 MR2 MR MC QM P1* P2* Price Discrimination Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* Dumping The most common form of price discrimination in international trade. A pricing practice in which a firm charges a lower price for an exported good than it does for the same good sold domestically. It is a controversial issue in trade policy and is widely regarded as an unfair practice in international trade. Example: As of April 2002, the United States had anti-dumping duties on 265 items from 40 different countries. Dumping Copyright ? 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6-* Dumping can occur only if two conditions are met: Imperfectly competitive industry Segmented markets Given these conditions, a monopolistic firm may find that it is profitable to engage in dumping. Dumping * * * *