透平叶片顶部泄漏流和气膜冷却混合特性分析-analysis of mixing characteristics of turbine blade tip leakage flow and film cooling.docxVIP

I 摘 要 摘 要 通过激光粒子图像速度测量实验，本文给出一个典型的带凹槽透平叶片顶部气 膜冷却流与主流混合后的流场特性分析。实验件是将基于 GE-E3 型透平动叶片放大 三倍后做得的模型。叶片顶部等间距安排了两排直径均为 1.5mm 的气膜孔，叶片压 力面侧靠近顶部有 5 个，叶片顶部中轴线上安排有 11 个。叶栅进口尺寸和叶片轴向 弦长的雷诺数为 104。利用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）得到了顶部泄漏流和叶栅通道 二次流的二维矢量速度场。以二维速度场为依据，分析了间隙流、间隙涡与动叶顶 部通道涡掺混的方式以及叶片顶部不同的气膜孔分布对泄漏流的影响。用 ANSYS CFX11.0 商业软件对实验条件下的模型做了数值计算并与实验结果进行验证，比较 发现标准 k-ε 湍流模型模拟顶部流动与实验结果基本吻合。采用适合的湍流模型我 们定量分析了不同位置气膜孔出流对泄漏流的阻塞程度。结果表明：间隙涡在向下 游发展的过程中强度减弱，但范围有所增大；压力侧气膜冷却能有效减小高温主流 气体对叶片顶部的冲击；压力面侧气膜孔对上游来流的（堵漏）阻塞作用较明显， 阻塞效果与孔的数目和位置密切相关。双排气膜孔的作用范围比单排的大，阻塞效 果也最好；更高的吹风比对冷却叶片顶部和阻塞泄漏流都有更好的效果。 关键字：PIV CFX 泄漏流 间隙涡 气膜冷却 II Abstract ABSTRACT Experimental investigations on the mixing characteristics of coolant injection with the leakage from turbine blade tip and stator wall (shroud) were conducted by a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, at first. A three-time scaled profile of the GE-E3 blade was used as specimen. Two rows of cylindrical film-cooling holes with 1.5mm diameter were arranged in the blade tip. One row with 5 holes was placed in pressure side just below groove floor, and the other with 11 holes was equidistantly arranged on the tip along mid camber line. To observe the effect of the coolant injection from different rows on the leakage flow, several typical velocity fields were captured by the PIV system, and the mixing characteristics were discussed. To estimate quantitatively the reduction of the tip leakage rate caused by the coolant injection, numerical investigations on the leakage mass rate were carried out by the commercially available software CFX 11.0 and the previous experimental results were used as a data source to validate the turbulence model and computational program. The numerical and experimental results indicate that the position of film holes is an important factor that influences the mixing characteristics of the tip leakage with the injected coolant. The coolant injection from the film hole at the pressure side can reduce the impingement intensity of the mainstream to the pressure