新 疆典型湖泊中抗生素污染状况与分布特征-pollution status and distribution characteristics of antibiotics in typical lakes in xinjiang.docxVIP

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新 疆典型湖泊中抗生素污染状况与分布特征-pollution status and distribution characteristics of antibiotics in typical lakes in xinjiang.docx

新 疆典型湖泊中抗生素污染状况与分布特征-pollution status and distribution characteristics of antibiotics in typical lakes in xinjiang

摘 要 I 万方数据 抗生素作为一类抗菌性药物广泛用于预防和治疗人类和动物疾病,并且在畜牧和水 产养殖业中用于促进动物的生长。进入人和动物体内的抗生素不能被生物体完全吸收, 大部分以原药或代谢物的形式经由尿液和粪便排出体外进入环境中。抗生素是环境中一 类新兴污染物,由于其使用量大并诱导产生抗生素耐药菌株,对人类健康和生态环境构 成威胁,近年来受到日益广泛的关注。 本研究采用固相萃取、超声萃取及液液萃取等前处理技术、液相色谱串联质谱检测 技术(HPLC -MS/MS)建立了水体和沉积物中 5 类 18 种抗生素(喹诺酮类、磺胺类、 四环素类、大环内酯类和氯霉素类抗生素)的分析方法。该方法简便、快速、准确,能 够实现水环境中多种抗生素药物残留的分析。 调查了南疆博斯腾湖表层水体和表层沉积物样品中 18 种抗生素的存在状况。研究 结果表明:在所有样品中均未检出洛美沙星,而环丙沙星的检出频率和浓度最高。四环 素类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和氯霉素类抗生素的沉积物水体分配系数 Kd,s 值较高,这 表明这 4 类抗生素在沉积物中有较强的吸附作用。聚类分析结果显示在开都河河口附近 的采样点 B1、B2 和 B3 是污染程度最严重的区域。博斯腾湖湖水水质受到一定的威胁, 需要对各点源排放的污水进行有效的风险管理控制。 以北疆乌伦古湖表层水体和沉积物样品中抗生素为目标物,分析其在研究区域内的 污染状况和空间分布特征。研究发现:乌伦古湖水体及沉积物中抗生素的检出量分别是 ng/L 和 μg/kg 级,处于中等污染水平。以乌伦古湖水体中喹诺酮类、磺胺类和四环素类 为目标物,分析其在丰水期与枯水期的季节分布差异,结果表明在枯水期乌伦古湖抗生 素含量普遍高于丰水期,这主要是由于河流的水文和气候条件变化引起的。综上,后期 应该加强管理并严格控制乌伦古湖附近的渔场及农业活动区的的废水排放。 关键词:抗生素,水体,沉积物,浓度水平,时空分布,新疆 Abstract II 万方数据 Antibiotics are widely used to treat or prevent human and animal diseases, as well as to promote the growth of animals in livestock and aquaculture operations. They are often partially metabolized in organisms and excreted as the parent compounds or metabolites into environment via urine and feces. As a group of emerging pollutants, antibiotics have drawn growing attention due to their high consumption and the spread of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. We have therefore developed a method for the detection of 18 antibiotic residues, including quinolones, sulfanilamides, tetracyclines, macrolide and chlortetracycline. The method consists of ultrasonic extraction (USE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. This method which was simple, rapid and accurate could meet the requirements for monitoring on antibiotics residues in aquatic environment. This study investigated the residues of 18 antibiotics in surface water as well as surficial sediment samples of Bosten Lake, in south Xinjiang. The results showed lomefloxacin was not detected in any o

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