不同授粉方式对南方设施西甜瓜授粉效果影响.docVIP

不同授粉方式对南方设施西甜瓜授粉效果的影响 　　摘要：针对南方设施瓜类轻简化栽培省工省力的需求，探究蜜蜂授粉替代人工授粉对设施西瓜甜瓜授粉的影响，比较平湖黑浆蜂和平湖黄浆蜂的耐高温性以及蜂箱箱体放置方式对高温期授粉蜜蜂种群的影响，通过坐果率、畸形果率、单果质量、品质、产量以及经济效益等指标比?^平湖黑浆蜂、平湖黄浆蜂和人工授粉在设施西瓜甜瓜上的授粉效果。结果表明，平湖黑浆蜂耐高温性好，可以抵御夏季短时间的高温伤害。蜂箱箱体的1/10放入大棚内，其余9/10的箱体在大棚外的方式可以延长高温期蜜蜂授粉时间5 d，可以延长授粉蜜蜂种群寿命30 d。在中型西瓜、小型西瓜和厚皮甜瓜上，平湖黑浆蜂访花授粉能力强，增加果实坐果数，果实畸形率低，单瓜质量小于人工授粉，中心可溶性固形物含量和边缘可溶性固形物含量高于人工授粉，每667 m2商品瓜产量均高于平湖黄浆蜂授粉和人工授粉，增加效益作用突出。 　　关键词：蜜蜂；南方设施栽培；西瓜；甜瓜；授粉效果 　　中图分类号：S651；S652 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）11-0062-06 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.11.015 　　Abstract： For the demand of saving the input in protected cultivation in South China，the effects of different pollination methods on fruit set and abortion of melon and watermelon were investigated. The high temperature tolerance between Pinghu black bee and Pinghu wasp was compared，and the effects of different placement in the bee box on Pinghu black bee and Pinghu wasp during hot season was studied. The research also worked on the fruit setting rate，fruit abortion rate，single fruit weight，quality and yields among three different pollination methods（Pinghu black bee，Pinghu wasp and human pollination） on melon and watermelon cultivation. The results showed that Pinghu black bee had better tolerance and less injured influenced by high temperature in summer. And，putting 1/10 of the beehive box into greenhouse and remaining 9/10 outside，showed 5 day length elongation of pollination period，and prolong the life span of the bee population for 30 days. Pinghu black bee showed better pollination ability among small and medium size watermelon， and muskmelon cultivation，which increased the fruit setting rate and reduced fruit abortion rate. However，the single fruit weight was lighter，when compared Pinghu black bee pollination to human pollination. The brix in the central part and edge part of fruit showed higher results，which compared Pinghu black bee pollination to human pollination method. Pinghu black bee pollination method showed the highest yiel