毕业班英语语法专项训练.doc

PAGE PAGE 7 毕业班英语语法专项训练 动词的非谓语形式 动词的非谓语形式有三种：A. 动词不定式：to + V（to+动词原形） B. 动名词： V + ing （形式与现在分词相同） C. 分词： V + ing （现在分词） P.P. （过去分词） II. 动词的非谓语形式的几种形式变化： 语态 时态 主动 被动 动 词 不 定 式 一般 to write to be written 进行 to be writing 完成 to have written to have been written 完成 进行 to have been writing 现在分词和动名词 一般 writing being written 完成 having written having been written 过去分词 一般 written A.. 动词不定式的功能： 作主语 To lose your heart means failure. It is wrong of him to tell a lie. ( it 是形式主语，to tell a lie 是真实主语) 作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, decide, expect等。 1）I want to be a good teacher. 2) He tried to find a new way to do the work. 作宾语补足语：可接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有三类: 1. 一般实意动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, force, invite, encourage, get等, 形式为want sb./ sth. to do. Father will not allow us to play on the street. Our teacher advises us to read more. 2. 使役动词：let, have, make, 形式为have sb./ sth. do 。 The boss shouldn’t make the workers work day and night. The old man had me carry his luggage. 3. 感观动词：see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等，形式为see sb./sth. do。 1) Have you heard her sing? I noticed the beggar enter the big building. * 注意: 第2、3组动词与不带to 不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要还原to. The beggar was noticed to enter the big building. （四）作表语 1)To see is to believe. 2)The young man seems to be a college graduate. （五）作定语: 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，表示将来意味。 1）He is a man to depend on. Give me something to drink, will you? （六）作状语 1)He came to see me yesterday. （目的） 2)My daughter is too young to go to school. （结果） We are all surprised to hear the news. （原因） *不定式中的常见句型： It’s time for sb. to do sth. Eg. It’s time for you to think of your future. It takes sb. some time to do sth. Eg. It took the firemen a long time to put out the fire. It be + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth. Eg. It is kind of you to help him with the tough job. It is important for ever